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Neo boards > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

Trace element deficiency

ANEMIA
Neutropenia
Osteoporosis
Depigmentation of hair, skin
Hypotonia -> later, ataxia
Poor wt gain

A

Copper deficiency

  • Cu role in RBC devp and iron absorption
  • Hard to measure Cu levels in serum, uncertain what normal level is
  • Cu stores by 28 weeks - so if deficient post-natally, may not have sx until 2 months
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2
Q

Trace element deficiency

Microcytic, hypochromic anemia
Vitamin C enhances absorption

A

Iron

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3
Q

Trace element deficiency
- produce glutathione peroxidase - antioxidant properties
- Cardiomyopathy in humans
- Muscle disease in animals

A

Selenium

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4
Q

involved in insulin metabolism (lipid and carb metabolism) - in animals, diabetes. uncertain humans

A

Chromium

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5
Q
A

Manganese

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6
Q

Acrodermatitis enteropathica
- FTT, alopecia, diarrhea, dermatitis esp perianal, rash (crusted, erythematous)

A

Zinc

Acrodermatitis enteropathic -> AR, abnormality of Zn absorption or transport

NOTE: Acquired Zn deficiency - mat Zn defn can lead to FGR, can lead to poor wound healing

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7
Q

water soluble vs fat soluble vitamins

A

water soluble - need to get from diet; do not linger in system so not get toxic from it

fat soluble - not necessarily diet dependent (?); can take longer to excrete so potential for toxicities

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8
Q

Vitamin deficiency
- FTT
- generalized scaling
- anormal epiphyseal bone formation and tooth enamel
- photophobia / conjunctivities
- pulmonary epithelial devp

A

Vit A / Retinol

  • eyes, enamel
  • CLD
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9
Q

Vitamin deficiency

  • fatigue, irritable, constipation, cardiac failure

Associated with which metabolic disorder

A

B1 = thiamine

  • Sx of BeriBeri (constipation, myocarditis)
  • Ass with pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency and maple syrup urine disease
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10
Q

Vitamin deficiency

  • blurry vision
A

B2 = riboflavin

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11
Q

Vitamin E deficiency

A

E
- an ANTI-OXIDANT (sometimes given with Fe to prevent from oxidant effects)
- hemolysis, neutropenia, high retic

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12
Q

Vitamin deficiency

  • seizures
A

B6 = pyridoxine

  • homo”SIX”tinuria
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13
Q

Vitamin deficiency

  • scurvy, bleeding gums
A

Vit C = abscorbic acid

Transient tyrosinemia “tangerine”

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14
Q

macrocytic anemia

A

B12 cobalamine
methylmalonic acidemia, homocystinuria

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15
Q

seborrhea, alopecia, scaling dermatitis

A

Biotin deficiency

Associated with propionic acidemia, biotinidase deficiency, pyruviate dehydrogenase complex deficiency

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16
Q

hemorrhaghic disease of newborn

A

bleeding umbilical stump, intracranial hemorrhage

NB - less Vit K because produced by gut bacteria (not as much in newborns yet), liver (still a bit immature). LESS Vit K in maternal breast milk so also increased RF.

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17
Q

Other Vit deficiencies - revisited

A
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18
Q

Vit E, K, B12, A, C deficiencies

A
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19
Q
A
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20
Q
A
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21
Q

Copper deficiency

A

Anemia - important in RBC production, helps with absorption of iron; also neutropenia, osteoporosis

Depigmented hair

Menkes (cannot absorp Cu - neonatal death - XLR)- brittle hair, Cu deficiency, metabolic disorder

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22
Q

Essential amino acids

A
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23
Q

Scaly dermatitis, alopecia
Increased risk of infection
May have thrombocytopenia
May present even after 3 to 5 days of NPO

A

Essential fatty acid deficiency

24
Q

Holman index

A

Ration of triene (mead acid) to tetraene (arachidonic acid)

> 0.2 = diagnostic for ESFAD

25
Q

ECF and ICF compartments by GA born

A
26
Q

When various digestive enzymes are at adult levels

A
27
Q

Foremilk vs hindmilk

A

Foremilk - more calories

Hindmilk - more fat

Same protein

28
Q

Colostrum vs mature milk

A

Colostrom - more protein, more calories

Mature milk - less of the above

29
Q

Donor breast milk

A

Less of everything because of Holder pasteurization – in general, no IgM. less immunoglobulins, less lactoferrin.

30
Q

Preterm vs term milk

A

More protein, more Na,Cl

31
Q

Breast milk vs. formula

A
  • more cholesterol (important for devp, bile acid synthesis)
  • more choline
  • more carnitine
  • more LCFA
  • more DHA
  • immunoglobulins
  • more lipase
  • LESS AMINO ACIDS

50% of calories in MBM = fat

32
Q

Preterm vs term formula

A
  • more of everything EXCEPT lactose (because premature infants have less lactose)
  • about the same iron and **
  • preterm formula is iso-osmolar unless fortify to higher calories
  • More MCT
33
Q

whey: casein

A
34
Q

what is variable in breastmilk - triglycerides and FFA –> depends on maternal ethnicity, diet

A
35
Q
A

B. biotin

36
Q
A

A

37
Q
A

B

38
Q
A

E

39
Q

Newborn energy expenditure

A
40
Q
A
41
Q
A

D

42
Q
A

B

43
Q

Changes in body composition with increasing GA

A
44
Q

4 days of NPO - alopecia, scaly dermatitis, thrombocytopenia

A

Essential fatty acid deficiency

Holman index > 0.2 (triene MEAD / tetraene arachidonic acid)

45
Q

Fat digestion

  • lipases are hydro**
  • bile salts are hydro **
  • triglycerides are hydro**
A

TG hydrophobic so need to be emulsified first

BS are ampiphilic

LIpases are water soluble

46
Q
A
47
Q
A
48
Q
A
49
Q
A

D

50
Q
A
51
Q
A
52
Q
A
53
Q
A
54
Q
A
55
Q
A
56
Q
A
57
Q

Long term PN cholestasis

A

metabolic acidosis (because increase non-protein metabolizable acids)

hyperglycemia

metabolic bone disease

cholestasis

decreased growth

Neo boards (14 decks)

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