Nutrition Flashcards
Nutrition
What you eat
Balanced diet
Right amount of the 5 nutrients as well as fibre and water
Carbohydrates
Needed for energy
Protein
Growth
Repair cells
Fats (lipids)
Used to keep heat in
Make cell membranes
Vitamins and minerals
Iron is in the blood for haemoglobin
Calcium is for healthy bones and teeth
Vitamin C- lack causes scurvy
Fibre
Its not digested, it keeps food moving
Water
Used for sweating- cools us down
Chemical reactions
To make urine
Most of our blood is water
Where do you get energy from in your body?
Carbohydrates and fats in your diet
What does the amount of energy you need depend on
Your body mass and level of activity
How many kj do you need for every kg of body mass?
5.4 kj
How do you calculate the basic energy requirement
Daily BER= 5.4 x 24 hours x body mass
A 60kg person requires:
5.4 x 24 x 60 = 7776 kj/day
How do you find how much energy you need in a day
Add together your daily BER and the extra energy you use in you activities
Obesity
If you take in more energy from your diet than you use, your body will store the extra energy as fat, so you will put on weight.
Obesity can lead to health problems such as high blood pressure and heart disease.
Starvation and deficiency diseases
Some people don’t get enough vitamins or minerals, this can cause deficiency diseases. Lack of vitamin C can cause scurvy. Deficiency disease causes problems with the skin, joints and gums.
Effects of Starvation are slow growth in children, being more likely to get infections and irregular periods in women.
Why is fibre not a nutrient
It only helps digestion system, gets rid of waste and prevents constipation
What do you use to test carbohydrates: starch
Iodine
When testing starch what is the colour at the start and the end
Start: orange/yellow
End: blue/black
What do you use to test for carbohydrates: glucose
Benedict solution
When testing for glucose what is the colour at the start and at the end
Start: blue
End: green- least amount of glucose, orange/red the most
What do you use to test for protein
Biuret
When testing for protein what is the colour at the start and at the end
Start: blue
End: purple
What do you use to test for fat
Grease proof/ filter paper
When testing for fat what is the colour at the start and at the end
Start: white
End: translucent
What foods contain alot of starch
Rice, bread and potatoes
What foods dont contain alot of starch
Sugar and salt
Whats food used for inside your body
Giving you energy, growing and repairing, keeping you healthy
What food contains alot of protein
Egg albumin
What food doesn’t contain alot of protein
Milk powder
What food contains alot of fat
Butter
Why is someone who is very overweight suffering from malnutrition
They have lack of nutrition and over-consumption of foods that are high in calories
Symptoms caused from kwashiorkor
Poor hair growth
Stunted height
Large stomach
Caused by lack of protein
Symptoms of night blindness
Cant see well in dim light
Caused by lack of vitamin A
Symptoms of scurvy
Bleeding gums
No skin growing on gums
Caused by lack of vitamin C
Symptoms of rickets
Bones do not develop
Bow legged
Caused by lack of vitamin D
Symptoms of anaemia
Causes tiredness
Caused by lack of iron
How to find the surface area
Height x width= surface area
