Nutrition

Question 1

What does Vitamin A deficiency cause?

Answer 1

Colour blindness

Question 2

What does Vitamin A excess cause?

Answer 2

Exfoliation Hepatitis

Question 3

How can you test for Vitamin A levles?

Answer 3

Serum

Virtually never done olnly (e.g. colour blindeness bariatric surgery)

Question 4

What does Vitamin D deficiency cause?

Answer 4

Osteomalacia/Rickets

Question 5

What does Vitamin D excess cause?

Answer 5

Hypercalcaemia

Question 6

Wht does vitamin E deficiency cause?

Answer 6

Anaemia
neuropathy
? malignancy
IHD

Very rare

Question 7

How can you test for Vitamin E levles?

Answer 7

Serum

Question 8

What does vitamin K deficeincy cause?

Answer 8

Clotting defiency

Question 9

What test do you do to determine Vitamin K deficiency?

Answer 9

Clotting (PTT)

Question 10

What does Vitamin B1 deficiency cause?

Thiamine

Answer 10

Beri-Beri (Wet + Dry)
Wernicke syndrome

Wernicke: ataxia, occular muslce abnormalities

Question 11

What does Vitamin B2 defienency cause?

Answer 11

Glossitis

Question 12

What does Vitamin B6 defienency and excess cause?

Pyridoxine

Answer 12

Deficiency
Dermatitis/anaemia

Excess
Neuropathy

Question 13

What does Vitamin C defienency cause?

Answer 13

Scurvy

Question 14

What does Niacin deficiency cause?

Answer 14

Pellagra

Dermatitis
Diarrhoea
Dementia
Death

Very rare

Question 15

What does a Zink deficiency cause?

Answer 15

Dermatitis

Probably more common than thought

Question 16

What does copper deficiency cause?

Answer 16

anaemia

Question 17

What does Foluride deficiency and excess cause?

Answer 17

Deficeincy: dental caries
Excess :Flourosis

Question 18

What vitamin deficiency is associated with Crohn’s disease?

Answer 18

Crohn’s
o Terminal ileal disease can lead to B12 deficiency and fat-soluble vitamins (ADEK)
deficiency
o Folate deficiency can be present in patients on methotrexate therapy
o Calcium, phosphate, magnesium and zinc can be deranged if there is high
output/chronic diarrhoea

Question 19

What are common vitamin/ trace deficeincies in Coeliac’s disease?

Answer 19

• Iron deficiency
• Vitamins ADEK, thiamine, Vitamin B6

Question 20

What nutritional defieencies are associated with chronic liver disease?

Answer 20

Chronic liver disease
o Vitamins ADEK, B12, Selenium, Magnesium, Zinc, folate

Question 21

What nutritional deficiency is associated with Chronic Kidnes disease?

Answer 21

Protein energy wasting syndrome

Question 22

What nutritional deficiency is associated with pancreatic insufficiency?

Answer 22

Fat-soluble vitamins (EDKA)

Question 23

What are medical treatments available for obesity?

Answer 23

1. exclude endocrine cause
2. exclude complications of obesity
3. educate
4. diet and exercise
5. Medical therapy (e.g. orlistat (5% weight) , GLP-1 agonist 8-10%)
6. Surgical therapy (Bariatric surgery 20-30% weight loss)

Question 24

What is Maramus?

Answer 24

General lack of nutrition (all macronutrients)
* shrivelled
* growth retardation
* severe muscle wasting
* no s/c fat

Question 25

What is kwashikor?

Answer 25

Lack of protein energy causing oedema

More commoin in times of famine