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foundations > nutrition > Flashcards

nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

fruit, milk

A

simple carbohydrates

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2
Q

bread, rice, pasta

A

complex carbohydrates

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3
Q

milk, eggs, cheese, fish, meat, poultry

A

complete proteins

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4
Q

beans, peas, nuts, seeds, fruits, vegetables, bread

A

incomplete proteins

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5
Q

fried food, cheese, ice cream

A

saturated fatty acids

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6
Q

almonds, avocadoes, peanut oil

A

monounsaturated fatty acids

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7
Q

corn oil, fresh tuna, salmon, trout

A

polyunsaturated fatty acids

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8
Q

how much water on average should be drank each day?

A

2.7-3.7L

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9
Q

basal metabolic rate is higher in males or females?

A

males

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10
Q

what increases BMR?

A

growth, infections, fever, emotional tension, extreme environmental temps, elevated hormones

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11
Q

what decreases BMR?

A

aging, prolonged fasting, sleep

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12
Q

teenage pregnancy (increases/decreases) malnutrition risk

A

increases

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13
Q

these are common in adolescents due to:
- dieting
- oral contraceptives
- inadequate intake total kcal, protein, iron

A

deficiencies

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14
Q

weight corrected for height/wt.

A

BMI

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15
Q

serum albumin

A

3.5-5.5

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16
Q

prealbumin

A

23-43

17
Q

BUN

A

17-18

18
Q

Creatinine

A

0.4-1.5

19
Q

juice, gelatin, broth, popsicles, coffee, tea, clear fruit juices

A

clear liquid diet

20
Q

milk, yogurt, creamy broth, puddings, frozen yogurt

A

full liquid diet

21
Q

food put in blender (pt. cannot safely swallow)

A

pureed diet

22
Q

food consistencies modified; ground beef, soft cookies, rice, pancakes, canned fruits, bananas, soups

A

mechanical soft diet

23
Q

“thick it” added

A

thickened liquid diet

24
Q

“diet as tolerated”; no restrictions

A

regular diet

25
Q

controls carbohydrate intake; 3 meals, 2 snacks/day; plenty fruit/vegetables, >25g dietary fiber

A

diabetic diet

26
Q

low sodium, low cholesterol

A

cardiac diet

27
Q

restrict potassium, sodium, protein, phosphorous intake

A

renal diet

28
Q

interventions for aspiration/aspiration pneumonia

A

elevate HOB 35040 degrees, soft diet, feeding tubes

29
Q
  • nutrition into GI tract
  • preferred if pt. unable to swallow/take nutrients orally but can digest & absorb nutrients
A

enteral nutrition

30
Q
  • specialized nutrition through IV
A

parenteral nutrition

31
Q
  • places through one of the nared down into stomach
  • short-term nutritional therapy
A

NG tube

32
Q
  • surgically places through incision in ULQ abdomen
  • long-term nutritional therapy
A

PEG tube

33
Q

how can TPN be given?

A

through PICC line of CVC

34
Q

added fat to provide supplemental kcals

A

intravenous fat emulsions

foundations (3 decks)

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