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Dermatology > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

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1
Q

Cow Milk Allergy: Examples of skin conditions (5)

A

Pruritus
Erythema
Atopic eczema
Acute Urticaria
Acute angioedema

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2
Q

Cow Milk Allergy: What is done after diagnosis?

A

Cow milk-free diet until 9-12 months for at least 6 months

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3
Q

Cow Milk Allergy: Management

A

Combination fed receive extensively hydrolyse formula - cow milk proteins are broken into short chains

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4
Q

Cow Milk Allergy: What are comfort milks?

A

Lower lactose and protein that is partially hydrolysed so easier to digest

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5
Q

Food Intolerance

A

Non-immune reaction to food

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6
Q

Obesity: Impact on collagen

A

Reduced mechanical strength of the skin due to failure of collagen deposition to match the increased surface area

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7
Q

Obesity: Impact on Sebaceous Glands

A

Increased androgens produced in peripheral fat to stimulate sebaceous glands

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8
Q

Obesity: Impact on Subcutaneous Fat

A

Endocrine function of adipose tissue is altered with increased hormone production e.g. Testosterone

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9
Q

Obesity: Impact on the Lymphatics

A

Pressure from fat impedes lymphatic flow and causes leakage of protein-rich lymphatic fluid into subcutaneous tissues

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10
Q

Obesity: Impact on Circulation

A

Microvascular dysfunction results in increased skin blood flow attributing to hypertension

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11
Q

Obesity: Impact on Apocrine and Eccrine Glands

A

Increased activity in enlarged skin folds increases moisture, skin maceration and friction in folds increases irritation

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12
Q

Obesity: Impact on Barrier Function

A

Increases transepidermal water loss so skin tends to be dry

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13
Q

Obesity: Direct skin manifestations due to peripheral insensitivity to insulin

A

Acanthosis nigricans
Skin tags

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14
Q

Acanthosis nigricans

A

Velvety thickening and pigmentation of the skin folds

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15
Q

Obesity: Where are skin tags associated with insulin resistance located?

A

Axillae
Neck Areas

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16
Q

Hyperandrogegism

A

Increased male hormone levels due to an increased production of fat

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17
Q

Hirsutism

A

Increased hair in females in a male distribution

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18
Q

Striae dispense occurs due to what?

A

Dermal connective tissue injury

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19
Q

Skin Manifestations of Hyperandrogegism

A

Hirsutism
Acne
Hidradenitis suppurativa
Andorgenetic alopecia
Striae dispense

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20
Q

Skin Disease and Obesity: Lymphoedema - Increased subcutaneous fat causes what?

A

Reduced lymphatic drainage leading to swelling

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21
Q

Skin Diseases aggravated by Obesity (5)

A

Lymphoedema
Chronic Venous Insufficiency
Skin Infections
Intertigo
Psoriasis

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22
Q

Skin Disease and Obesity: Why does intertigo develop?

A

Develops in skin folds due to high moisture, friction, increased pH and reduced barrier function

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23
Q

Skin Disease and Obesity: What psoriasis is aggravated by obesity?

A

Flexural psoriasis

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24
Q

Examples of Fat Soluble Vitamins (3)

A

Vitamin A
Vitamin K
Vitamin D

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25
Q

Vitamin A: Function

A

Epithelial proliferation, keratinisation and development

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26
Q

Vitamin A: Sources

A

Milk
Liver
Eggs
Oily fish

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27
Q

Vitamin A: How does a deficiency present?

A

Keratotic follicular papules on the thighs, upper arms with dry skin

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28
Q

Vitamin K: Function

A

Blood coagulation

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29
Q

Vitamin K: Sources

A

Green leafy veg
Liver
Vegetable oils

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30
Q

Vitamin K: Deficiency presentation

A

Bleeding tendency causes purport and easy bruising

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31
Q

Vitamin D: Clinical Presentation of deficiency in Children

A

Rickets - bone disease with softening and weakening of the bones due to loss of calcium and phosphate from the bones causing destruction of the supportive matrix

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32
Q

Rickets

A

Bone disease with softening and weakening of the bones due to loss of calcium and phosphate from the bones causing destruction of the supportive matrix

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33
Q

Vitamin D: Deficiency presentation in Adults

A

Osteomalacia - muscular weakness, bone pain and bone fractures that can lead to Osteoporosis

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34
Q

Osteomalacia

A

Muscular weakness, bone pain and bone fractures that can lead to Osteoporosis

35
Q

Vitamin D: Deficiency aetiology

A

Lack of sunlight exposure
Dietary lack of vitamin D
Medical conditions affecting absorption
Kidney disorders

36
Q

Vitamin D: How do kidney disorders lead to Vitamin D deficiency?

A

Prevents the conversion of Vitamin D3

37
Q

Examples of Water Soluble Vitamins (7)

A

Vitamin B2
Vitamin B3
Vitamin B6
Folate
Vitamin B12
Biotin
Vitamin C

38
Q

Vitamin B2 another name for it

A

Riboflavin

39
Q

Vitamin B2: Sources

A

Milk
Liver
Meat
Eggs
Green leafy vegetables

40
Q

Vitamin B2: Deficiency presentation

A

Cheilosis - lesions on the margins of the lips
Angular stomatitis - lesions on the corners of the mouth
Painful, red and dry tongue

41
Q

Vitamin B2: Diagnosis

A

Measure the activity coefficient of erythrocyte glutathione reductase

42
Q

Vitamin B3 another name

A

Niacin

43
Q

Vitamin B3: Sources

A

Meat
Fish
Nuts
Coffee

44
Q

Vitamin B3: Converted from what in the body?

A

Dietary Tryptophan

45
Q

Vitamin B3: Deficiency presentation (4)

A

Dermatitis
Delirium
Diarrhoea
Death - in 4-5 years if untreated

46
Q

Vitamin B3: Dermatitis description

A

Bilateral symmetrical itchy red rash that is worse on sun exposed areas

47
Q

Vitamin B3: Diagnosis

A

Measure niacin levels

48
Q

Vitamin B3: Management

A

Nicotinamide

49
Q

Vitamin B6: Sources

A

Meat
Cereals
Milk
Potatoes

50
Q

Vitamin B6: Deficiency presentation

A

Dermatitis of the face, scalp, neck, shoulders, buttocks, and perineum
Glossitis - tongue inflammation

51
Q

Folate: Sources

A

Liver
Green leafy veg
Beans
Nuts

52
Q

Folate: Deficiency presentation (5)

A

Anaemia
Angular stomatitis
Glossitis
Hair depigmentation
Skin and Mucous membrane pigmentation

53
Q

Vitamin B12: Source

A

Only in foods of animal origin

54
Q

Vitamin B12: Deficiency presentation

A

Anaemia
Angular stomatitis
Glossitis
Hair depigmentation
Skin and Mucous membrane pigmentation

55
Q

Biotin: Source

A

Cereal
Milk
Eggs
Meat
Nuts

56
Q

Biotin: What in the body produces biotin?

A

GIT bacteria

57
Q

Biotin: Deficiency presentation

A

Facial dermatitis
Glossitis
Alopecia

58
Q

Vitamin C: Function

A

Essential co-factor for collagen formation

59
Q

Vitamin C: Sources

A

Citrus fruit
Strawberries
Blackcurrants
Potatoes

60
Q

Vitamin C: Deficiency presentation

A

Hyperkeratosis around hair follicles
Poor wound healing
Inflamed gums
Fatigue

61
Q

Vitamin C: Another name for this

A

Ascorbic Acid

62
Q

Zinc: Sources

A

Meat
Fish
Milk
Eggs
Cereal
Nuts

63
Q

Zinc: Genetic zinc deficiency presentation

A

Acrodermatitis Enteropathica

64
Q

Zinc: Acrodermatitis Enteropathica presentation

A

Diarrhoea
Alopecia
Dry and Brittle hair
Perioral, Facial and Acral dermatitis

65
Q

Zinc: Acquired zinc deficiency presentation

A

Dermatitis rash of the hands and feet

66
Q

Zinc: Zinc deficiency impact on children

A

Growth retardation

67
Q

Two forms of protein energy malnutrition

A

Marasmus
Kwashiokor

68
Q

Marasmus

A

Global nutrient deficiency causing weight loss by fat breakdown

69
Q

Marasmus: Main clinical presentation

A

Thin child with muscle wasting

70
Q

Marasmus: Impact on the skin

A

Dry, wrinkled and loose

71
Q

Marasmus: Impact on hair

A

Alopecia due to thin brittle hair

72
Q

Kwashiokor

A

Malnutrition due to low protein intake with reasonable carbohydrate intake

73
Q

Kwashiokor: Main clinical presentation

A

Oedema with an enlarged ‘pot belly’

74
Q

Kwashiokor: Skin changes

A

Irregular or patchy discolouration - dark skin
May split when stretched - pale areas between the cracks

75
Q

Intertigo

A

Macerated plaques that develop in the body folds

76
Q

Intertigo: Why are body folds prone to inflammatory rashes?

A

High skin temperature
Moisture from sweating cannot evaporate
Friction from movement of adjacent skin

77
Q

Acanthosis Nigricans

A

Abnormal velvety thickening and darkening of the skin especially in the body creases

78
Q

Acanthosis Nigricans: Locations

A

Axilla
Groin
Neck

79
Q

Acanthosis Nigricans: More common in what skin types?

A

Darker skin types

80
Q

Acanthosis Nigricans: What is the most common cause?

A

Obesity

81
Q

Name for skin tags

A

Acrochordons

82
Q

Acrochordons

A

Soft small harmless skin coloured growths up to 5cm wide that hang off the skin

83
Q

Acrochordons: Locations

A

Skin folds - neck, axilla, groin, under the breasts and buttocks folds
Eyelids

84
Q

Acrochordons: Tends to occur in what patients?

A

Older
Obese
Type II Diabetes

Dermatology (5 decks)

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