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Gastroenterology > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

Marasmus can be caused by

here in the US

A

COPD
HF
Neoplasm
AIDS

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2
Q

Metabolic Syndrome attributes

A

Elevated: abd circ, BP, TG, FBG

Low HDL cholesterol

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3
Q

Metric calc of BMI

A

Kg/Meters(squared)

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4
Q

Increased abd circ is

A

> 102cm in men

>88cm in women

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5
Q

Increased waist/hip ratio

A

> 1.0 in men

>0.85 in women

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6
Q

Orlistat and OTC Alli MOA

A

MOA: work in the GI tract by inhibiting lipase thereby reducing fat absorption

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7
Q

Orlistat and OTC Alli SE

A
  • increased diarrhea, gas, cramping

- poss decrease in absorption of fat soluble vitamins

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8
Q

SSRI used for obesity

A

Lorcaserin

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9
Q

Bariatric surgery is accepted in pt’s with

A

BMI >40 or 35 with comorbidities

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10
Q

Most popular Bariatric surgery and complication rate

A

Roux-en-Y
Up to 40% complication rate
Peritonitis, abdominal wall hernia, ulcer, infection.

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11
Q

Roux-en-Y nutritional deficiencies

A

Nutritional deficiencies - B12, Folate, Calcium, Vit D

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12
Q

Gastric Banding comp and outlook

A

fewer short term comp, lower wight loss than others

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13
Q

Sleeve gastrectomy being used more often-
Removal of 75% of the _______.
More weight loss than _______.

A

stomach.

banding.

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14
Q

Requirements of fat soluble vitamins

A
  • Require digestion and absorption of dietary fat
  • Require a carrier system for transport in the blood
  • The body accumulates stores of these vitamins so deficiencies develop more slowly
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15
Q

Vitamin A- foods

A

Dairy, eggs, liver, meats, fish oils (polar bear(big game) liver/organs)

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16
Q

Vitamin A- precursor

A

Beta-Carotene from yellow and green veges

17
Q

Vitamin A- Deficiency

A

MC cause of blindness in dev countries.

  • Night blindness is earliest sx,
  • Other sx: xerosis, Bitot spots, corneal ulceration or necrosis, perforation, endophthalmitis and blindness.
18
Q

Usual cause of Vit A deficiency

A

Fat malabsorption or laxative abuse in the elderly or poor diet

19
Q

Vit A- Tx

A

oral replacement + ongoing supp with Beta-carotene

20
Q

Vit A- Toxicity (b-carotene)

A

Excess intake of b-carotene results in staining of the skin yellow-orange.
-Sclera remain white, ddx from jaundice

21
Q

Vit A- Causes of Toxicity (vit a)

A

Excess intake of vit A

  • Chronic toxicity after high doses over >3months
  • Acute toxicity can result from drug overdoses or consumption of predator organs, especially liver
22
Q

S/S of Vit A toxicity

A 
N/V
Abd pain
HA
Papilledema 
Lethargy
23
Q

Vitamin D- actions

A

increases absorption of calcium in the intestine and increases reabsorption of ca in the renal tubules

24
Q

Vit D- Causes of deficiency

A

increasingly as a result of diminished exposure to sunlight;
also malnutrition or malabsorption
Meds- Orlistat, cholestyramine, some older anticonvulsants

25
Q

Vit D- Deficiency causes bone….

A

rickets in children

osteomalacia in adults

26
Q

Vit D- Tx

A 
increase sunlight (if no underlying condition)
oral supp
27
Q

Vit E- Foods

A

Vegetable oils, cereals, dairy, wheat germ, eggs

28
Q

Vit E- fxn

A

Prevents oxidation rxn on cell walls

29
Q

Vit E- Deficiency is caused by…

A

Malabsorption; also CF/Inborn errors of metabolism

30
Q

Vit E- Deficiency S/S

A 
Flexia
Disturbance of gait
Decreased proprioception and vibration
Ophthalmoplegia
Retinal degeneration
31
Q

Vit E- Tx

A

Large doses IV shown to improve the neurologic comp of errors of metabolism

32
Q

Vitamin K- Foods

A

Leafy veges, fruits, seeds, intestinal bacteria

33
Q

Vit K- fxn

A

Necessary for coag factors II, VII, IX, X

34
Q

Vit K- Deficiency findings

A

Prolonged PT

Bruising or bleeding in GI tract, GU tract, Gingiva, Lungs, Joints and Brain

35
Q

Vit K- Tx

A

ORal (slower, >1day) or IV (faster, <1day) replacement

36
Q

Water Soluble Vit

A 
B1-Thiamine
B2-Riboflavin
B3-Niacin
B6-Pyridoxine
Vitamin C
B12-Cobalamin
Folic Acid

Gastroenterology (2 decks)

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