Nutrition Flashcards
What is the most important modifiable risk factor for development of T2DM?
Obesity
List 2 patient groups who should be offered a diabetes risk assessment
- Individuals with conditions which increase risk of T2DM
- Age 25-39 of South Asian, Chinese, Afro-Caribbean and other black ethnic groups
List 4 lifestyle modifications you would suggest for managing someone at high risk of T2DM
- Weight reduction
- Increase physical activity
- Decrease total fat intake
- Increase dietary fibre intake
What are the aims of nutritional management of diabetes?
- Achieve and maintain target blood glucose, blood pressure and blood fat levels
- Avoid short-term complications e.g., hypoglycaemia
- Reduce risk of long-term macro and microvascular complications
- Maintain good quality of life
What percentage weight loss is recommended for overweight or obese individuals with T2DM?
> 5%
The 2 main benefits of physical activity in people with T2DM are…
- Improved glycaemic control
- Reduced CV risk
What is the most important consideration in the diet of someone with T1DM?
Carbohydrate content
What are the 3 carbohydrate counting steps taken to calculate insulin dose?
- Identify foods which contain carbohydrate
- Calculate CHO content of the meal
- Use the patient’s individual insulin to CHO ratio to calculate insulin dose
What is glycaemic index (GI)?
The rate at which a food makes the blood glucose rise
What factors can affect glycaemic index?
- Cooking method
- Processing
- Ripeness
- Protein content
- Fat content
- GI of different carbohydrates in the same meal
Is a low glycaemic index diet recommended in adults with T1DM?
No
List 5 potential causes of hypoglycaemia
- Missing or delaying a meal or snack
- Eating less CHO than normal
- Increased physical activity
- Alcohol
- Taking too much insulin or other diabetic medication
How does alcohol increase risk of hypoglycaemia? (3)
- Inhibits gluconeogenesis
- Can impair awareness of hypoglycaemia signs
- Impacts on self care
