Nutrition

Question 1

Vitamin A other name

Answer 1

Retinol

Question 2

Vitamin E other name

Answer 2

Tocopherol

“Toke-of-E-rol”

Question 3

Vitamin K other name

Answer 3

Phylloquinone

“File-O-Kanines”

Question 4

Vitamin B1 other name

Answer 4

Thiamine

“Th1am1ne”; theres only 1 so its mine

Question 5

Vitamin B2 other name

Answer 5

Riboflavin

“Ri-BOTH-flavin”

Question 6

Vitamin B3 other name

Answer 6

Niacin

Question 7

Vitamin B5 other name

Answer 7

Pantothenic acid

“Pentothenic acid”

Question 8

Vitamin B6 other name

Answer 8

Pyridoxine

“Pyrid6ine”

Question 9

Vitamin B9 other name

Answer 9

Folate

“Fools come late but its benign”

Question 10

Vitamin B12 other name

Answer 10

Cyanocobalamin

Question 11

Vitamin C other name

Answer 11

Ascorbic acid

Question 12

Vitamin issue: 
MCC blindness in young kids
eye dryness (xerophthalmia)
night blindness (nyctalopia)
Bitot spots on conjunctiva

Answer 12

Vitamin A deficiency

Question 13

Vitamin issue:
Oxalate and cysteine kidney stones
Can trigger a hemolytic crisis in G6PD def

Answer 13

Vitamin C toxicity

Question 14

Vitamin issue:
Macrocytic anemia
Pernicious anemia
At risk: Vegans, IBD (terminal ileum dz), NEC (SB resection)

Answer 14

Vitamin B12 deficiency

Question 15

Vitamin issue:

Hemorrhagic disease of the newborn (esp breastfed babies)

Answer 15

Vitamin K deficiency

Question 16

Vitamin issue:

Liver toxicity

Answer 16

Vitamin E toxicity

Question 17

Vitamin issue:
Preemies: hemolytic anemia
Older kids: neuropathies, peripheral edema, thrombocytosis, muscle weakness

Answer 17

Vitamin E deficiency

Question 18

Vitamin issue:

Pseudotumor cerebri

Answer 18

Vitamin A toxicity

Question 19

Vitamin issue:
Irritability
Masks B12 deficiency

Answer 19

B9 (folate) toxicity

Question 20

vitamin issue: 
Bleeding gums
Scurvy
Leg tenderness
Poor would healing

Answer 20

Vitamin C deficiency

Question 21

Vitamin issue:
Large tongue
Macrocytic anemia
At risk: vegetarians, goats milk

Answer 21

Vitamin B9 (folate) deficiency

Question 22

Vitamin D2 other name

Answer 22

ergocalciferol (two C’s)

Question 23

Vitamin D3 other name

Answer 23

cholecalciferol (three C’s)

Question 24

primary storage form of vitamin D

Answer 24

25-hydroxy vitamin D (calcidiol)
Hydroxylated in the liver
(one liver, one number)
This is what we measure to check vitamin D level

Question 25

active metabolite form of vitamin D

Answer 25

1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (calcitriol) Formed in the kidney (two kidneys, two numbers)

Question 26

Vitamin issue: polyuria, polydipsia, elevated BUN, nephrolithiasis, renal failure N/v, weakness HyperCa, hyperPhos

Answer 26

Vitamin D excess/toxicity

Question 27

Caloric needs calculation

Answer 27

100 kcal/kg first 10kg 50 kcal/kg next 10kg 20 kcal/kg after that

Question 28

Scaly dermatitis alopecia thrombocytopenia

Answer 28

Essential fatty acids deficiency | Tx: IV lipids (linoleic acid)

Question 29

``` Eczematous eruption Alopecia Poor growth Lesions around mouth, perianal Infant recently weaned from breast milk ```

Answer 29

Acrodermatitis enteropathica | Zinc deficiency

Question 30

Twisted hairs (pili torti) Marked ID Skeletal, vascular pathologies

Answer 30

Menkes Kinky Hair Syndrome | XLR

Question 31

Low serum copper Low serum ceruloplasmin High tissue copper

Answer 31

Menkes Kinky Hair Syndrome

Question 32

Jaundice Hepatomegaly Neurologic (intention tremor, poor coordination, dystonia) Psychiatric, behavior changes

Answer 32

Wilson disease Accumulation of copper in the liver, kidneys, CNS, cornea Hepatolenticular degeneration AR

Question 33

Yellowish brown discoloration in the posterior cornea

Answer 33

Kayser-Fleischer rings Accumulation of copper in the cornea Wilsons disease ID by slit lamp exam

Question 34

``` Labs in Wilsons disease: Serum copper Serum ceruloplasmin Urine copper Other ```

Answer 34

``` Serum copper: Low Serum ceruloplasmin: Low Urine copper: High Other: High AST, ALT Coombs neg hemolytic anemia Abnormal renal function ```

Question 35

Treatment of Wilson disease

Answer 35

D-penicillamine (copper chelator) | Restrict copper intake (Shellfish, nuts, chocolate)

Question 36

``` Overall thin appearance "Pot belly" Pitting edema of lower extremities Thin hair Rash Moon face ```

Answer 36

Kwashiorkor | Protein deficiency

Question 37

Muscle wasting No subcutaneous fat Loose/wrinkled skin No edema

Answer 37

Marasmus | General nutritional deficiency

Question 38

Refeeding syndrome labs

Answer 38

``` HypoPhos HypoK HypoMg Edema Low thiamine Weakness, fatigue ```

Question 39

Lethargic, irritable Poor appetite Loose stools Well demarcated, red rash on sun exposed areas

Answer 39

``` Vitamin B3 (niacin) deficiency Pellagra ```

Question 40

Blanching erythema with overlying reddish brown scaling and sharply demarcated raised edges that peel off easily

Answer 40

Rash of kwashiorkor | Flaky paint dermatitis

Question 41

Moist, sharply marginated psoriasiform plaques around the mouth, nose, eyes, and perianal area

Answer 41

Rash of acrodermatitis enteropathica | Zinc deficiency

Question 42

``` Long, wavy cortical hyperostosis Dry skin Dry mucous membranes Hair loss Seborrheic skin changes HSM Mental status changes S/sx of pseudo tumor cerebra (diplopia, papilledema, h/a) ```

Answer 42

Hypervitaminosis A

Question 43

Dry triangular patches of xerosed conjunctiva with a layer of foam on the surface Hyperpigmented conjunctival plaques

Answer 43

Bitot spots | Vitamin A deficiency

Question 44

Craniotabes (softening at the occiput or over parietal bones) Rachitic rosary (widening of costochondral junction) Growth plate widening Softening of ribs Scoliosis Irregular, metaphysical fraying and cupping Widening of epiphyses

Answer 44

Rickets | Vitamin D deficiency

Question 45

Xray: Bones have a ground glass appearance Bony cortex is thin Epiphyseal ends sharply outlined (white line of Frankel)

Answer 45

Scurvy | Vitamin C deficiency