Nutrition

Question 1

Vitamin A other name

Answer 1

Retinol

Question 2

Vitamin E other name

Answer 2

Tocopherol

“Toke-of-E-rol”

Question 3

Vitamin K other name

Answer 3

Phylloquinone

“File-O-Kanines”

Question 4

Vitamin B1 other name

Answer 4

Thiamine

“Th1am1ne”; theres only 1 so its mine

Question 5

Vitamin B2 other name

Answer 5

Riboflavin

“Ri-BOTH-flavin”

Question 6

Vitamin B3 other name

Answer 6

Niacin

Question 7

Vitamin B5 other name

Answer 7

Pantothenic acid

“Pentothenic acid”

Question 8

Vitamin B6 other name

Answer 8

Pyridoxine

“Pyrid6ine”

Question 9

Vitamin B9 other name

Answer 9

Folate

“Fools come late but its benign”

Question 10

Vitamin B12 other name

Answer 10

Cyanocobalamin

Question 11

Vitamin C other name

Answer 11

Ascorbic acid

Question 12

Vitamin issue: 
MCC blindness in young kids
eye dryness (xerophthalmia)
night blindness (nyctalopia)
Bitot spots on conjunctiva

Answer 12

Vitamin A deficiency

Question 13

Vitamin issue:
Oxalate and cysteine kidney stones
Can trigger a hemolytic crisis in G6PD def

Answer 13

Vitamin C toxicity

Question 14

Vitamin issue:
Macrocytic anemia
Pernicious anemia
At risk: Vegans, IBD (terminal ileum dz), NEC (SB resection)

Answer 14

Vitamin B12 deficiency

Question 15

Vitamin issue:

Hemorrhagic disease of the newborn (esp breastfed babies)

Answer 15

Vitamin K deficiency

Question 16

Vitamin issue:

Liver toxicity

Answer 16

Vitamin E toxicity

Question 17

Vitamin issue:
Preemies: hemolytic anemia
Older kids: neuropathies, peripheral edema, thrombocytosis, muscle weakness

Answer 17

Vitamin E deficiency

Question 18

Vitamin issue:

Pseudotumor cerebri

Answer 18

Vitamin A toxicity

Question 19

Vitamin issue:
Irritability
Masks B12 deficiency

Answer 19

B9 (folate) toxicity

Question 20

vitamin issue: 
Bleeding gums
Scurvy
Leg tenderness
Poor would healing

Answer 20

Vitamin C deficiency

Question 21

Vitamin issue:
Large tongue
Macrocytic anemia
At risk: vegetarians, goats milk

Answer 21

Vitamin B9 (folate) deficiency

Question 22

Vitamin D2 other name

Answer 22

ergocalciferol (two C’s)

Question 23

Vitamin D3 other name

Answer 23

cholecalciferol (three C’s)

Question 24

primary storage form of vitamin D

Answer 24

25-hydroxy vitamin D (calcidiol)
Hydroxylated in the liver
(one liver, one number)
This is what we measure to check vitamin D level

Question 25

active metabolite form of vitamin D

Answer 25

1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (calcitriol)
Formed in the kidney
(two kidneys, two numbers)

Question 26

Vitamin issue:
polyuria, polydipsia, elevated BUN, nephrolithiasis, renal failure
N/v, weakness
HyperCa, hyperPhos

Answer 26

Vitamin D excess/toxicity

Question 27

Caloric needs calculation

Answer 27

100 kcal/kg first 10kg
50 kcal/kg next 10kg
20 kcal/kg after that

Question 28

Scaly dermatitis
alopecia
thrombocytopenia

Answer 28

Essential fatty acids deficiency

Tx: IV lipids (linoleic acid)

Question 29

Eczematous eruption
Alopecia
Poor growth
Lesions around mouth, perianal 
Infant recently weaned from breast milk

Answer 29

Acrodermatitis enteropathica

Zinc deficiency

Question 30

Twisted hairs (pili torti)
Marked ID
Skeletal, vascular pathologies

Answer 30

Menkes Kinky Hair Syndrome

XLR

Question 31

Low serum copper
Low serum ceruloplasmin
High tissue copper

Answer 31

Menkes Kinky Hair Syndrome

Question 32

Jaundice
Hepatomegaly
Neurologic (intention tremor, poor coordination, dystonia)
Psychiatric, behavior changes

Answer 32

Wilson disease
Accumulation of copper in the liver, kidneys, CNS, cornea
Hepatolenticular degeneration
AR

Question 33

Yellowish brown discoloration in the posterior cornea

Answer 33

Kayser-Fleischer rings
Accumulation of copper in the cornea
Wilsons disease
ID by slit lamp exam

Question 34

Labs in Wilsons disease: 
Serum copper
Serum ceruloplasmin
Urine copper
Other

Answer 34

Serum copper: Low
Serum ceruloplasmin: Low
Urine copper: High
Other: High AST, ALT
Coombs neg hemolytic anemia
Abnormal renal function

Question 35

Treatment of Wilson disease

Answer 35

D-penicillamine (copper chelator)

Restrict copper intake (Shellfish, nuts, chocolate)

Question 36

Overall thin appearance
"Pot belly"
Pitting edema of lower extremities
Thin hair
Rash
Moon face

Answer 36

Kwashiorkor

Protein deficiency

Question 37

Muscle wasting
No subcutaneous fat
Loose/wrinkled skin
No edema

Answer 37

Marasmus

General nutritional deficiency

Question 38

Refeeding syndrome labs

Answer 38

HypoPhos
HypoK
HypoMg
Edema
Low thiamine
Weakness, fatigue

Question 39

Lethargic, irritable
Poor appetite
Loose stools
Well demarcated, red rash on sun exposed areas

Answer 39

Vitamin B3 (niacin) deficiency
Pellagra

Question 40

Blanching erythema with overlying reddish brown scaling and sharply demarcated raised edges that peel off easily

Answer 40

Rash of kwashiorkor

Flaky paint dermatitis

Question 41

Moist, sharply marginated psoriasiform plaques around the mouth, nose, eyes, and perianal area

Answer 41

Rash of acrodermatitis enteropathica

Zinc deficiency

Question 42

Long, wavy cortical hyperostosis
Dry skin
Dry mucous membranes
Hair loss
Seborrheic skin changes
HSM
Mental status changes
S/sx of pseudo tumor cerebra (diplopia, papilledema, h/a)

Answer 42

Hypervitaminosis A

Question 43

Dry triangular patches of xerosed conjunctiva with a layer of foam on the surface
Hyperpigmented conjunctival plaques

Answer 43

Bitot spots

Vitamin A deficiency

Question 44

Craniotabes (softening at the occiput or over parietal bones)
Rachitic rosary (widening of costochondral junction)
Growth plate widening
Softening of ribs
Scoliosis
Irregular, metaphysical fraying and cupping
Widening of epiphyses

Answer 44

Rickets

Vitamin D deficiency

Question 45

Xray:
Bones have a ground glass appearance
Bony cortex is thin
Epiphyseal ends sharply outlined (white line of Frankel)

Answer 45

Scurvy

Vitamin C deficiency