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Nursing ( Lab Values) > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

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1
Q

What is in the clear liquid diet?

A

Broth, gelatin, carbonated beverages, bouillon, fruit juice without the pulp, hard candy, ice pops, lemonade, regular or caffeinated coffee or tea

Sugar and salt is okay

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2
Q

Whats in the full liquid diet?

A

Refined cooked cereal, milk, ice-cream, sherbet, pudding, custards, vegetable (strained) and fruit juice, strained soup

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3
Q

What is in the mechanical diet?

A

Chopped, grounded, mashed and pureed

The texture is changed

Chopped or ground meat, flaked fish, cottage cheese, soft bread, potatoes, rice, cooked vegetable and fruits, canned fruits, peanut butter, banana, non-fried egg, pancakes and all cream soups

Avoid fried foods, nuts, tough smoked or salted meat, raw fruits and vegetable

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4
Q

What is in the soft diet?

A

Pasta, casserole, cooked vegetable and fruits, tender meat, canned fruits, cooked vegetables, cookies and cakes without nuts or coconut

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5
Q

What is in the low-fiber diet?

A

White bread, white rice, refined cooked cereal and pasta, cooked potatoes without the skin

Avoid: raw fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, plant fiber and whole grains

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6
Q

High fiber food?

A

Vegetables, fruits, whole grains

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7
Q

Who is the cardiac diet for?

A

hypertension, DM, hyperlipidemia, myocardial infarction, renal failure, nephrotic syndrome, athescelroriss

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8
Q

What is the DASH?

A

part of cardiac diet which is dietary approach to stop hypertension to control and prevent hypertension, hypercholestremia and obesity

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9
Q

What is in the cardiac or DASH diet?

A

fruits, vegetables, nuts, whole grains, meat, fish, poultry, beans and dairy food low in fat

avoid: red meat, added sugar and fat

Restrict food high in sodium, cholestrol, saturated fat, trans, mono and poly saturated fats

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10
Q

Fat-restricted diet?

A

restrict trans fat, saturated fat, poly and monounsaturated fat

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11
Q

What is in the high calorie, high-protein diet?

A

whole milk, milk products, fish, beef, pork, chicken, nuts, seeds, peanut butter and eggs

encourage snacks in between such as milkshake, instant breakfast and supplements

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12
Q

What is a carbohydrate consistent diet?

A

maintaining a consistent amount of carbohydrate each day with each meal known as carb counting

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13
Q

Stages of sodium restricted diet?

A

Individualized: 4 g daily
Moderate restriction- 2-3 g daily
Strict- 1 g
Severe restriction and seldom (not often) prescribed- 5– mg daily

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14
Q

What should you avoid in sodium restricted diet?

A

Encourage fresh foods

Avoid packed, canned, frozen and instant meals, soups, salad dressing, soy sauce, smoked pickles, snacks such as pretzels and potato chips

Salt substitute should be used but it contains high amount of potassium which should be avoided for patients with renal disease

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15
Q

Protein restricted diet?

A

40-60g a day
Enough protein should be given for nutritional value but not so much that it causes build up of waste products from protein metabolism
Avoid milk, meat, breads, and starch

Low protein food such as pasta, bread, cookies, gelatin, wheat starch and wafers can be added for variety and energy

carbohydrate in liquid or powder form can be given for energy

Veg and fruits have some protein so they should be accounted for

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16
Q

who is gluten free diet for?

A

patients with celiac disease and who have sensitivity to the gluten

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17
Q

what is renal diet?

A

restriction on protein, phosphorus, calcium, sodium, potassium and fluids

Hemodialysis have more fluid and protein restriction than peritoneal dialysis

Measuring daily weight is important to monitor fluid status

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18
Q

Food low in potassium?

A

applesauce, green beans, cabbage, grapes, raspberry, pineapple, blueberry, cooked squash and turnip

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19
Q

Purine-restricted diet?

A

Restrict anchovies, mackerel, herring, sardine, scallops, organ meat, meat extract, gravies, sweetbread, goose

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20
Q

High diet iron includes?

A

organ meat, meat, whole wheat products, egg yolk, green leafy vegetables, legumes and dried fruit

vitamin c enhances iron absorption

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21
Q

When does clear liquid diet apply?

A

For someone who did not have oral intake for a long time, before or after surgery, before surgery or diagnostic procedure, malnourished person, fever, vomiting or diarrhea, gastroenteritis

Initial feeding after bowel rest

Provides fluids and electrolytes

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22
Q

how long is clear liquid diet?

A

short term

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23
Q

What does clear liquid diet lack?

A

nutrients but is easily digested and ABSORBED

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24
Q

What should the client NOT take before bowel preparation procedure?

A

Red or purple dye drinks because it can stain the organ

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25
Q

What is important to do for someone who is on clear liquid diet?

A

monitor hydration level with input and output, weight, edema

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26
Q

KG to L

A

1KG of weight or 2.2LB is equal to 1 liter of fluid gained or loss

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27
Q

When is full liquid diet used?

A

transition from clear liquid after surgery or for people who have difficulty chewing, swallowing and tolerating solid food

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28
Q

What does full liquid diet lack?

A

Nutrients; use supplements if linger than 3 days

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29
Q

When is mechanical soft diet prescribed

A

When the person cannot chew but can tolerate more than liquid diet.

When person has difficulty swallowing, chewing, injury of the head and neck, dental problems.

30
Q

What foods should be avoided in mechanical diet?

A

nuts, dry fruit and vegetables, fried foods, touch meat

31
Q

When is soft diet prescribed?

A

Difficulty chewing, swallowing, injury of the head and neck, oral ulcer, gum ulcer, jaw issues (broke jaw) oral surgery and stroke

32
Q

What temperature food should be given to clients with oral sores?

A

cool temperature food

33
Q

Other consideration for soft diet?

A

if problems with chewing or swallowing due to dry mouth than suck on sour candy

provide plenty of fluid t help with the swallowing; a straw is easier

All foods are tolerated; soft, pureed, chopped is preferred

34
Q

What should be avoided in soft diet?

A

raw fruits, vegetables and whole grain

35
Q

When is low fiber food given?

A

Gastrointestinal problems, gastroenteritis, partial obstruction, diarrhea, inflammatory bowel disease

Food that are least likely to cause obstruction when the GI tract is narrowed due to inflammation

36
Q

How much dairy should be given in low fiber diet?

A

2 servings per day

37
Q

When is high fiber diet prescribed?

A

IBS, constipation, asymptomatic diverticular disease, any primary disease causing diarrhea or constipation

38
Q

Why is high fiber diet issues?

A

to increase weight or bulk of stool and help take out the undigested materials

39
Q

How much fiber does high fiber diet probide?

A

30-35 g

40
Q

who is cardia cardiac for?

A

athescelorisis, hypertension, myocardial infraction, renal disease, hyperlipidemia, DM,

41
Q

Who is fat restricted diet for?

A

Malabsorption problem, flatulence, steatorrhea, pancreatitis, diarrhea, GERD and gallbladder issues

42
Q

Clients with malabsorption will have difficulty with what else?

A

absorbing fiber and lactose

43
Q

What does fecal test say?

A

3 day test; fat in the stool o 10% or more of daily calorie intake and 6-8grams of fat states absorption issue

44
Q

Who is high calorie-protein diet for?

A

Cancer, HIV, autoimmune, burns, under stress, wound healing, COBD, respiratory disease and other debilitating disease

do a calorie count on these people

45
Q

who is carbohydrate consistent diet for?

A

DM, hyperglycemia, hypo, and obesity

Using the exchange system which groups food based on protein, fat and carb

client measures amount of carb intake per day and serving - carb counting

46
Q

Sodium restricted diet?

What can be the disadvantage of salt substitute?

A

Heart disease, heart failure, hypertension, renal and liver disease

increase potassium and contraindicated in patients with renal disease

47
Q

Who is protein restricted diet for?

A

Liver failure and renal disease

48
Q

How much protein are clients with protein restriction getting?

A

40-60 g

49
Q

Which are special low protein food?

A

pasta,cookies,wafers, bread and gelatin, wheat starch

carb in powder or liquid form can give energy

veg and protein also contain little protein to count them

50
Q

Which food to avoid in protein restricted diet?

A

meat, milk, egg, bread and starch

51
Q

Which patient may be prescribed fluid restriction?

A

fluid overload in the extracellular, hyponatremia or renal disease

52
Q

Who are low potassium and high potassium diet for?

A

hyper and hypokalemia ( know the reasons)

53
Q

Who is high calcium diet for?

A

For growth and development; prevent osteoporosis

Vascular contractions, vasodilation, muscle contraction and nerve transmission

54
Q

What should lactose intolerant individuals be given in high calcium diet?

A

Non-dairy calcium sources

55
Q

Who is low purine diet for?

A

gout, increased uric acid and kidney stones

purine is precursor for uric acid which creates stones and crystals

56
Q

Who is high iron diet for?

A

anemic

Vitamin c food increases absorption of iron

57
Q

What is vegan, lacto-vegetarian, lacto-ovo-vegetarian, ovo-vegetarian?

A

Vegan- no animal products; only plant origin; recommend soy milk and soybean curd (tofu), soy protein

Lacto-vegetarian: eat milk, cheese and dairy but no meat, fish and poultry

lacto-ovo-vegetarian- dairy and eggs
ovo-vegetarian- only egg from animal food
not prescribed but a life choice

58
Q

What is considered equal to animal protein?

A

soy protein

59
Q

What do vegetarian lack?

A

energy, calcium, phosphorus, vitamin B12, omega fatty 3, vitamin D, iron, protein and zinc

60
Q

what food are recommended for vegeterians?

A

legumes, nuts, fruits, vegetables, protein soy, other soy products, meat analogs, sprout,

61
Q

MYPLATE

A

HALF FRUITS AND VEG, PROTEIN, GRAIN AND DAIURY

62
Q

what is the main function of carbohydrate?

A

helps with fat metabolism and is the preferred source of energy

Carb can be found in veg, fruits, milk and grains

4cal/g

63
Q

What is the function of fat?

A

provides stored form of energy
maintains body temperature and protects the internal organs

Decrease fat intake can lead to sensitivity to cold, skin lesions, increase risk of infection and amenorrhea in women

Increase fat intake leads to cancer, obesity and heart problem

9cal/g

64
Q

What are the functions of protein?

A

4 cal/g

Is made up of amino acids which is essential in the growth and development of body tissue

Build and repair tissues, maintains fluid and acid base balance, produces, enzymes, energy, hormones and antibodies

decrease level of protein can lead to fat wasting and muscle wasting

65
Q

What are essential amino acids?

A

they are required in diet because the body does not produce them

Complete protein contains essential and nonessential amino acids

66
Q

what are the functions of vitamins?

A

metabolism of fat, carb and protein

catalyst for metabolic functions

67
Q

what are fat soluble vitamins

A

ADEK, can be stored in the body so excess can cause toxicity

68
Q

what are water soluble vitamins?

A

B, C

are not stored in the body and can be excreted with urine

69
Q

what are the functions of minerals and electrolytes

A

minerals are catalyst for chemical reactions
minerals are almost in every food
minerals are components of tissue, hormone, bone and cell

electrolytes play role in osmolality, acid base balance, water balance, enzyme reactions and neuromuscular activity

70
Q

function of water

A

makes up 60-70% of body weight

71
Q

What does the my plate say?

A 
half plate should be fruit and vegetable
avoid oversized portion of food
water over drinks with sugar
fruits and vegetable should vary
half the grain should be whole grain 
milk should be low fat or fat free (1%)
eat proteins that are leans 
fresh foods over frozen 
dairy food high in calcium

veg, fruits, grain, protein and dairy

72
Q

Dietary guidelines for Americans

A

maintain healthy body weight
increase physical activity and decrease sedentary life
limit sat and trans fat with less than 10% of daily caloric intake from sat fat
less than 10% of daily caloric intake from added sugar
less than 2300 mg of sodium per day
low sodium and high potassium food
limit alcohol; 2 drink for men and 1 for women each day
clean, cook, separate and chill

Nursing ( Lab Values) (3 decks)

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