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2nd Year - Child Health > Nutrition 1 - Nutrition and Growth > Flashcards

Nutrition 1 - Nutrition and Growth Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 phases of child growth and what is each phase led by?

A

Infant - nutrient-led
Child - growth hormone-led
Pubertal - sex steroid-led

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2
Q

What is the Lower reference nutrient intake? (LNRI)

A

The nutrient requirement sufficient for 3% of the population with the lowest needs

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3
Q

What is the reference nutrient intake? (RNI)

A

The nutrient requirement sufficient for 97% of the population

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4
Q

What are the 3 dietary reference values?

A

Lower reference nutrient intake (LRNI)
Estimated average requirement (EAR)
Reference nutrient intake (RNI)

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5
Q

What is the reference nutrient intake (RNI) for protein in infants ranging from ages 4 to 18 months?

A

12.7g to 14.5g

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6
Q

What is the reference nutrient intake (RNI) for vitamin A per day?

A

350-400 micro grams/ day

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7
Q

Dietary sources of vitamin A?

A

Cheese, eggs, yoghurt

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8
Q

What is the reference nutrient intake (RNI) for vitamin C?

A

25-30 micro grams/ days

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9
Q

What are the dietary sources of vitamin C?

A

Oranges, blackcurrants, potatoes

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10
Q

What is the RNI for vitamin D?

A

7-8.5 micro grams/ day

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11
Q

What are the main sources of vitamin D?

A

Sunlight but small amounts for oily fish and eggs

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12
Q

What vitamins out of A, C and D are intake above RNI?

A

A and C and below for D

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13
Q

What is the recommendation in terms of supplements and children under 6 months on infant formula?

A

If consuming <500mls/ day, should be taking vitamin A, C and D supplements

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14
Q

What is the recommendations in terms of breast feeding mothers and supplements?

A

Should take vitamin D supplements of 10 micro grams per day

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15
Q

What scheme is available to help children under 4 years and pregnant ladies eat more fruit and veg and receive vitamin supplements?

A

Healthy Start Vouchers

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16
Q

Is Protein intake in infants normally deficient or excessive?

A

Excessive

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17
Q

RNI for sodium for 4-6 month old?

A

280mg

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18
Q

RNI for sodium for 7-9 month old?

A

320mg

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19
Q

RNI for sodium for 10-11 month old?

A

350mg

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20
Q

RNI for sodium for 12 - 18 month old?

A

500mg

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21
Q

How much sodium does 1g of salt contain?

A

323mg

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22
Q

Is intake of salt in Scotland higher or lower than RNI?

A

Higher excluding 4-6 month olds

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23
Q

Is the mean intake of iron higher or lower than the RNI?

A

Lower (except in 4-6 month olds)

24
Q

Is the mean intake of calcium higher or lower than the RNI?

A

Higher (Except in 4-6 month olds)

25
Q

What are the Scottish Government healthy eating recommendations for oily fish?

A

1 portion/ week

26
Q

What are the Scottish Government healthy eating recommendations for total fat?

A

No more than 35% of food energy

27
Q

What are the Scottish Government healthy eating recommendation for saturated fatty acids?

A

No more than 11% food energy

28
Q

What are the Scottish government healthy eating recommendations for trans fatty acids?

A

No more than 1% of food energy

29
Q

What are the Scottish government healthy eating recommendations for non-milk extrinsic sugars (NMES)?

A

No more than 11% of food energy

30
Q

What are the Scottish government recommendations for fibre?

A

At least 18g/ day

31
Q

Physical activity guidelines for infants not yet walking? (3)

A

Encourage from birth
Floor based and water based activities in a safe environment
Minimised time sent sedentary for extended periods (except sleeping)

32
Q

Physical activity guidelines for children capable of walking under 5 years? (2)

A

180 mins through out the day

Minimise time spent sedentary for extended periods (except sleeping)

33
Q

Physical activity guidelines for 5 - 18 year olds?

A

Greater than or equal to 60 minutes/ day of moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity
3 days/ week with vigorous intensity activities
Minimal time being sedentary

34
Q

How long is exclusive breastfeeding recommended?

A

The first six months of an infant’s life

35
Q

Where does infant formula come from?

A

Modified cows milk

36
Q

What type of infant formulae should be used and what should not be done?

A

Whey or casein based formulae (whey based formula recommended for first year)
Change of brand or from whey to casein not recommended

37
Q

What is the disadvantage of infant formula?

A

No antimicrobial or bioactive substances

38
Q

Is follow-on formula recommended? (formula that is manufactured for infants from 6 months)

A

No, as no advantage over standard infant formula

39
Q

What is complementary feeding?

A

process starting when breast milk alone is no longer sufficient to meet the nutritional requirements of infants, and therefore other foods and liquids are needed, along with breast milk

40
Q

What is another name for complementary feeding?

A

Weaning

41
Q

When should complementary feeding begin?

A

At about 6 months (some may need to start earlier but not before 4 months)

42
Q

What should be the main type of milk consumed during weaning?

A

Breast milk

43
Q

When can full fat unmodified cows milk be used in small amount in cooking?

A

From 6-9 months

44
Q

When can full fat unmodified cows milk be gradually introduced as a drink?

A

From 12 months

45
Q

When can semi-skimmed milk be given?

A

Not before 2 years

46
Q

When can skimmed milk be given?

A

Not before 5 years

47
Q

What type of energy density of foods should babies have when weaning?

A

Higher energy density e.g. not less than 1kcal/g unless meals offered more often

48
Q

What should first foods not contain when weaning?

A

Gluten (if < 6 months)

Sugar and salt should not be added

49
Q

Can foods that may cause allergies be given to children when weaning?

A

Yes but should be introduced one at a time

50
Q

At what age should whole nuts and seeds be avoided until?

A

5 years

51
Q

How should iron be given to babies?

A

Foods rich in absorbable iron should be given regularly e.g. red meat, canned fish, well-cooked eggs

52
Q

How many times a day should complementary feeding be given to 6-8 month olds?

A

2-3 times

53
Q

How many times a day should complementary feeding be given to 9-11 month olds and 12-14 month olds?

A

3-4 times (plus nutritious snacks when 12-14 months)

54
Q

Effect of breast feeding on cancer risk?

A

Lower maternal breast cancer risk

55
Q

When should children be introduced to drinking from cups or beakers?

A

From about six months of age (for optimal dental health)

2nd Year - Child Health (1 decks)

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