Nutrition 1: Metabolic Fate of Nutrients Flashcards
What are the 3 main process that require energy in the body?
- basal metabolic rate
- thermic effect of food
- physical activity
What is the definition of adequate nutrition?
a balanced diet contained adequate macro and micronutrients to sustain normal health and wellbeing
What are the individual factors that affect nutritional requirements?
quality/quantity of food efficiency of digestive system biochemical availablility - age - health - sex - level of activity - bad habits
What are the two types of carbohydrates? How are they different?
simple - mono/disaccharides, easily absorbed, energy available quickly
complex - polysaccharides, requires significant digestion, energy released more slowly
What is the fate of fructose and galactose in the liver?
How does this effect their amounts in circulating blood?
converted to glucose
very low amounts in blood (95% glucose)
How many ATP’s produced per 1 mole of glucose?
36/38ATP
Was is glycaemic index?
Ranking of carbohydrates on a scale of 0-100 according to the extend to which their raise blood sugar levels after eating particular type of food
High GI - rapid digestion, marked increase glucose
Low GI - slow digestion, gradual raise glucose
What 6 factors affect a food GI?
processing type of starch fiber content ripeness fat and acid content physical form
What are the form of dietary fat?
triglycerides
phospholipids
sterols
What are the two essential fatty acids? What omega numbers are they? What are they used for?
linoleic = omega 6 FA
linolenic = omega 3 FA
Metabolic processes, cell membrane components
What are 2 non-essential fatty acids, what are they used for?
palmitic and oleic acids
calories, easy to store, insulation/padding
In terms of the properties of FA’s, why is it difficult to lose weight?
requires large amounts of oxygen to metabolise
insoluble in water so difficult to access
What are the 7 functions of fat?
source of energy incorporation in body structures protection insulation satiety fat soluble vitamins energy storage
How many ATP’s can be liberated from 1 mole of palmitic acid?
130ATP
What process are involved in nitrogen metabolism?
When would a +ve nitrogen balance be occur?
When would a -ve nitrogen balance occur?
anabolism from amino acids
catabolism, NH3 excretion
+ve = pregnany, growth, recovery
-ve = starvation, trauma/infection/sepsis, tissue destruction
What are the 5 fucntions of proteins?
amino acid pool converted to other AA manufacture new protein build new tissue oxidised to produce energy and urea
What are the fat soluble vitamins?
What are the water soluble vitamins?
ADEK
B complexes, C
What is water required for?
to prevent dehydration solvent for most materials important for metabolism/excretion thermoregulation osmoregulation
