nutrition 1 Flashcards
macronutrient examples
carbohydrates , porteins, fats and oils (lipids)
micronutrient examples
minerals and vitamins
what 3 components make up humans total energy expenditure
basic metablic rate
physical activity
thermogenesis
what factors affect energy requirements
body size, age, activity, pregnancy, disease
carbohydrates
organic compounds containing hydrogen, oxygen and carbon
how are carbohydrates synthesised
by pants through photosynthesis - using water and carbon dioxide
what carbohydrate bonds can we digest
alpha 1-4 glucose by amylase
alpha 1-6 glucose by glucoamylase-alphahdextrinase
gluscose fructose
glucose galactose
extrinsic vs intrinsic sugars
extrinsic - not bound into a cellular structure e.g milk (lactose) and table sugar/ fruit juices
(sucrose)
intrinsic - incorporated into the cellular structure of foods e.g whole fruits and vegetables
what happens to food not digested in the small intestine
it is fermented by colonic microflora to short chain fatty acids and gases.
free sugars
sugars that are added to foods or those naturally present in honey, syrups and unsweetened fruit juices
saturated vs unsaturated fatty acids
saturated - contain double bond
unsaturated - no double bond
what makes an amino acid ‘essential’
cant be synthesised by the body at all or can be synthesised in sufficient amounts to meet demand
what are ‘conditionally essential’ amino acids
essential only in certain situations e.g during childhood growth
what are the vitamins can be synthesised by the body
vitamin D - synthesised n the skin upon exposure to the sun
vit K and some B - synthesised by gut flora
what is beta carotene converted to in the body
vitamin A
