Nutrion Final: Misc B Vitamins Flashcards
- What are the numbers still associated with each B vitamin? (B complex)
The order that they were found in, the number has no chemical or medical significance
- Why might the popular term B-complex be misleading? (B complex)
the daily requirements for the different vitamins is different, not all of the vitamins are present in the same foods, some of the operate together in the same cell reaction but they also have individual functions, the therapeutic use of one does not increase the requirements of the others
- What are some similarities among some members of the B-vitamin family? (B complex)
Four are required for mitochondrial energy production (thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid), Two are required for nucleic acid synthesis (folic acid and B12), Activation of one may require coenzyme function of one or more of the others causing some to share deficiency symptoms, Many are non-toxic and have no tolerable upper limit (thiamin, riboflavin, biotin, pantothenic acid, B12)
- Which B-vitamins are parts of the “enrichment” of refined grain products? (B complex)
Thiamin, folic acid, riboflavin, niacin
- Are all B-vitamins non-toxic? (B complex)
No, both niacin and B6 can be toxic in high amounts
- What general functional role or roles does this vitamin play in human biology? (Thiamin)
Mitochondrial energy production, transketolase for pentose phosphate pathway—provides ribose-5-phosphate for nucleotide synthesis
- What enzyme function can be used to measure thiamin nutritional status? (Thiamin)
Transketolase activity in RBB’s used to detect tissue deficiency of thiamin
- What tissues or systems are primarily affected by deficiency of this vitamin? (Thiamin)
Nerve tissue-wet beriberi, congestive heart failure, edema-dry beriberi, cerebral symptoms-“cerebral” beriberi or Wernicke-Korssakoff Syndrome—movement and gait disorder, mental dysfunction…peripheral neuropathy, central neuropathy, heart problems
- Into what foods is this vitamin typically added? (Thiamin)
Rice, flour
- What is the most likely cause for deficiencies of this vitamin in the industrialized world? (thiamin)
Alcoholism
- What general functional role or roles does this vitamin play in human biology? (riboflavin)
Co-enzyme for numerous oxidation-reduction reactions, energy metabolism antioxidant reactions, liver detoxification
- What tissues or systems are primarily affected by deficiency of this vitamin? (riboflavin)
Liver
- What are the most likely causes for deficiencies of this vitamin in the industrialized world? (riboflavin)
Alcoholism, anorexia
- Into what foods is this vitamin typically added? (riboflavin)
White flour, white rice
- What diseases are being investigated for clinical use of this vitamin and what is the current understanding of its value? (riboflavin)
Cataracts prevention-could help protect lent through antioxidant co-enzyme role
migraine treatment-high doses help reduce frequency and duration
- Why is it difficult to design a riboflavin supplementation trial in which the subjects are truly blinded to whether they are receiving riboflavin or placebo? (riboflavin)
Urine will turn yellow for people who are receiving riboflavin as opposed to those who are not