Nutrients requirements Flashcards
Week1-C2 and Week2-C1
Name the nutrient deficiency related to thoses conditions:
- Protein energy malnutrition
- Anemia
- Xerophtalmia
- Goiter
- Beriberi
- Pellagra
- Scurvy
- Rickets
- Protein
- Iron
- vitamin A
- Iodine
- Vit B1
- Vit B3
- vit C
- Vit D
Is there a benefit in consuming the UL
No.
Is there a RDA for the energy? If not, why?
NO, because most of the population would have toxicity symptoms (in that case, toxicity means gaining weight)
What are the 4 main reasons we need nutrients?
- Maintenanc and repair of tissues
- Growth
- regulate vital processes in the body
- Source of energy
What will happen to person C if he/she consume the EAR everyday?
Person C could show symptoms of deficiency.
For individuals you use the _____ to make recommendation
RDA
Witch organization will set a worldwide harmonized DRI?
WHO
How is the EAR determined?
by experimentation in a healthy population
What is the definition of EAR?
Amount of a nutrient in the diet needed to meet the average needs of an age/gender group
T or F : for the EAR, 50% of individuals will have reqt greater than the mean
T
T or F : For the RDA, 50% of individuals will have reqt greater than the mean
F, only 2.5% will have a requirement greater than the RDA
What is the UL?
Tolerable upper intake level
max intake w/o adverse health effects for group – no benefit if intake >RDA, AI
Can you evaluate the needs of someone with cealiac disease using the DRI tables?
No, these tables are made to make recommendation for healthy people.
For group you use the ____ to plan and procure food supplies for schools.
EAR
T or F : you have to reach the EAR everyday to be healthy (no deficiency)
FALSE!
What are the roles of the DRI committees (4) ?
- Develop DRI
- Roles in preventing or delaying onset of chronic disease or developmental abnormalities
- Make recommendations for food labelling
- Identify research needs
Does person F and G have the same chance of being deficient if they consume the EAR?
No, person G has less chance of being deficient.
What is the AI?
not enough info to establish reqt
What does randomized placebo-controlled double-blinded clinical trial means?
it is a study protocol based where both the subjects and the experimenter don’t know if a subject x is taking a placebo or a active version of the compound that is evaluated.
The _____ mean reqt plus allowance to meet the needs of almost all healthy people in a group
RDA
T or F : canada and usa dietry reference intakes are harmonized.
T
What is your probability to be deficient if you consume the RDA
2,5%
Is there a benefit to have an intake of a nutrient that is greater than the RDA?
No
T or F : the UL range depends on the nutrient
T
What are the AMDR?
– Fat : 20-35%
– CHO : 45-65%
– Protein : 10-35%
The ______ meets reqt of half of the individuals in a group
EAR
What are the cornerstones of nutrition research? (4)
- Randomized placebo-controlled double-blinded clinical trials
- Sample size
- Replication
- Representive sample
What is the probability you have to be deficient if you consume the EAR?
50%
What means AMDR?
Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges
What do we mean by essential nutrient?
A nutrient that needs to be taken in the diet because metabolicly essentiel (body can’t make it or can’t make it in sufficient amount). If not, abnormality results and this condition created because of the lack of this nutrient can be corrected if the nutrient is added back to the diet.
T or F : the macronutrients are organic and inorganic?
F : all the macronutrients are organic. The nutrients like minerals and water are inorganic.
T or F : If a person’s usual intake falls above the RDA, the intake is probably adequate because the RDA covers the needs of almost all people.
T.
What are the 13 essential vitamins ?
Vitamin A (retinol and retinyl palmitate)
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)
Vitamin D (cholecalciferol)
Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol)
Vitamin K (phytonadione or menaquinone)
Vitamin B1 (thiamine)
Vitamin B2 (riboflavin)
Vitamin B3 (niacin)
Pantothenic acid (B5)
Biotin (B7)
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine, pyridoxal, pyridoxamine)
Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin)
Folate (folic acid and B9)
What is E and D in this graph?
E : estimated average requirement (EAR)
D : Recommended dietary allowance (RDA)
T or F : The macromolecules are the only nutrients that are organic
F, the vitamins are organic nutrients also, it is only the water and the minerals that are inorganic.
What are phytochemicals?
Compounds found in plants that have an antioxidant function.
Can you explain why a deficiency can lead to infectious and parasitic diseases and parasitic diseases and infectious can lead to the deficiency
Malnutrition and infection worsen each other. Disease can be cause because of the deficiency and can lead to appetite loss. In that case, you nutrition status can worsen and lead to weakened immunity making you more at risk of other diseases and worsen the inital disease that made you developt the deficiency.
Can you name the vitamins and their alternative name (name associated with their chemical molecule)
Vitamin C : ascorbic acid
Vitamin A Retinoids
Vitamin D Califerols
Vitamin E Alpha tocopherol
Vitamin K Phylloquinone or menadione
B1 Thiamin
B2 Riboflavin
B3 Niacin
B5 Pantothenic acid
B6 Pyridoxine
B7 Biotin
B9 Folate
B12 Cobalamin
Study conclusion : People with goiter lack iodine in their diet. What type of study was done? (case-control, cohort or cross sectional)
Case control
Study conclusion : People eating the mediterranean diet in italy are less succeptible to hearth disease than north american. What kind of study was done?
Cross sectional
Study conclusion : data collected from residents of massachusetts reveal that heart attack risk increase with cholesterol levels in the blood. What kind of study was done?
Cohort
What is a cross-sectional study?
a type of observational study that analyzes data from a population, or a representative subset, at a specific point in tim
What is a case control study?
is a type of observational study in which two existing groups differing in outcome are identified and compared on the basis of some supposed causal attribute (ex disease)
What are epidemiological studies?
Epidemiology is the study of diseases in populations
What are experimental studies?
Experimental studies are studies in which the investigator artificially manipulates study factors or subjects, such as therapeutic regimen, or some other parameter.
What are the three experimental studies seen in class and explain each one.
- Laboratory based animal studies : is the use of non-human animals in experiments that seek to control the variables that affect the biological system under study
- Laboratory based in vitro studies : Effect of a specific variable on a tissue, cell or molecule isolated from a living organism
- Human intervention or clinical trials : Asking people to adopt a new behavior like supplements
What is the DRI report?
A dietary reference intake report that takes into acount evidence based reviews of the scientific data available.
What are the goals of the DRI reports?
Preventing or delaying onset of chronic diseases
Make recommendations for food labels
Identify research needs
What is the biggest problem of the DRI?
The individual variation
Wich person will be the first one to show deficiency if he consume the EAR ? Wich will be the first to show toxicity if he consume the UL?
Person C and person A
T or F : For the EER, if you consume more than your EER, you have 100% risk of toxicity and 0% chance of deficiency and if you consume less than the EER, you have 100% chance of deficiency and 0% chance of toxicity
T
