Nutrients and Their Functions Flashcards
What is the process of using digested food as building blocks to construct muscle tissue, deposit fat underneath the skin, and store carbohydrate energy?
Anabolism
What’s the body’s main source of nutrient energy?
Carbohydrates
What are organic compounds that function as coenzymes, assisting enzymes in catalyzing chemical reactions?
Vitamins
What is the process called when the body constructs muscle tissue, deposits fat underneath the skin, and stores carbohydrate energy after digestion?
Anabolism
What is the process in which a complex substance is broken down into its smaller components?
Catabolism
What makes up more than half of the human body?
Water
What does the human body require for survival because each body system depends on fluids to operate?
Water
What might the body require a higher intake of due to vomiting, diarrhea, prolonged exercise, and some crash diets?
Water
What’s found commonly in starches and sugars?
Carbohydrates
What’s the main source of energy for humans?
Carbohydrates
What are all carbohydrates eventually broken down into or converted into?
Glucose
What’s known for the capability to store energy and protection and communication between cells?
Lipids
What are fats and oils, waxes, and steroids all types of?
Lipids
What helps with energy storage and is broken down and distributed when the body is in need?
Fats and oils
What lipids work as a protection level and help cells by preventing water loss within the body?
Waxes
What are lipids that assist with the communication process between cells and are composed of cholesterol, testosterone, and estrogen?
Steroids
What is the basic building block of the human body and is found in every part of its cells?
Protein
What drives metabolism and is made up of enzymes?
Protein
What is the body forced to break down for energy only after other sources of energy are used?
Protein
How many essential amino acids must be acquired from a healthy diet?
Nine
What proteins contain all the essential amino acids?
Complete
What chemical compounds are present in very small amounts in food?
Minerals
What organic compounds function as coenzymes that help enzymes catalyze chemical reactions?
Vitamins
