Nutrients and Health Flashcards
What are the 3 main enzymes involved with digestion?
1) Amylase
2) Protease
3) Lipase
Describe the effects of excessive alcohol consumption on the liver, the heart, and the brain. Explain the process by which alcohol is metabolized in the body and its impact on various organs
Excessive alcohol consumption harms the body, particularly the liver, heart, and brain. It can cause fatty liver, hepatitis, and cirrhosis in the liver, and increase the risk of heart disease, high blood pressure, and strokes. Alcohol also impairs brain function, leading to memory issues, poor coordination, and mental health problems like depression. Chronic alcohol use can result in long-term organ damage and increase the risk of serious health conditions. Men are advised to drink 3 units (30ml) of alcohol while for women 2 units (20ml) of alcohol per day.
What are drugs?
Chemicals that affects the way your body and mind works.
What are the chemicals that are the most harmful in tobacco and why are they harmful?
1) Carbon monoxide can reduce the amount of oxygen blood can carry
2) Nicotine is a stimulant that makes the heart beat faster
3) Tar can collect in the lungs, kill the cellia cells in the airpipe, and cause cancer.
3) Hydrogen cyanide, a toxic colourless gas.
Ethanol is added to a food solution, it turns cloudy. What does the food contain?
Lipids
What are the problems to an addiction with a recreational drug?
They may become dependent on the drug, unable to feel normal when they are not taking it, suffer withdrawal symptons such as headaches and anxiety.
There are some bacteria that live in yout digestive system and improve your health.
a) Where are they found?
b) Name a food source for them.
c) Explain how they improve your health.
a) They are found in the large intestines.
b) They feed on the fibre in your diet, probiotic foods.
c) They can produce important nutrients, such as Vitamin K, that can be absorbed to keep you healthy.
What are the uses of enzymes in digestion?
Enzymes are catalysts that break down large food molecules into smaller, soluble molecules that would be able to be absorbed into the bloodstream.
What are the uses of water?
To stay hydrated and replace used bodily fluids.
What is a balanced diet?
A diet that contains all the right nutrients and food types in the right amount.
Iodine is added to a food, it turns dark blue and black. What does the food contain?
Starch
What are the features of the small intestine that allows maximum nutrient absortion?
The small intestine has tiny structures called villi, they increase surface area, speeding up the digestive process, they also have plenty of capillaries to allow the nutrients to enter the bloodstream.
What drug does alchohol contain?
Ethanol
What type of drugs benefits your health?
Medicinal drugs
Benedicts solution is added to a food and heated, it turns orange-red. What does the food contain?
Sugar
Where are the enzymes in digestion found?
Small intestines, mouth, and stomach
Why is testing food for the presence of nutrients important?
Possible allergies, sugar or other may not be wanted on a controlled diet.
Explain the process of digestion from the mouth to the small intestine. Include the role of enzymes, bile, and the structures involved in digestion.
The process of digestion begins in the mouth, where food is chewed and mixed with saliva containing amylase to break down carbohydrates. The food then travels down the oesophagus to the stomach, where it is churned and mixed with gastric juices and hydrochloric acid to break down proteins and kill bacteria. In the small intestine, enzymes like amylase, protease, and lipase further break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Bile, produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder, emulsifies fats into smaller droplets, making them easier to digest. The inner walls of the small intestine are lined with villi, which increase the surface area for nutrient absorption. These nutrients, such as glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids, are absorbed into the bloodstream through the capillaries in the villi.
What are some medicinal drugs?
Paractemol, antibiotic, asprin
What are the source of the digestive bacterias?
Probiotic foods
Name one health condition caused by a deficiency of Vitamin D.
A deficiency of Vitamin D can lead to conditions like rickets (in children) or osteomalacia (soft bones in adults), resulting in weak bones and teeth.
Explain how lifestyle choices such as diet, exercise, smoking, and alcohol consumption can affect a person’s health. Discuss the importance of making healthy lifestyle choices for disease prevention and overall well-being.
Lifestyle choices such as diet, exercise, smoking, and alcohol consumption significantly impact health. A balanced diet provides essential nutrients, while regular exercise strengthens the body and reduces the risk of chronic diseases. Smoking harms the lungs and heart, while excessive alcohol use can damage the liver and increase the risk of various health conditions. Making healthy choices, like eating well, staying active, avoiding smoking, and drinking alcohol in moderation, helps prevent diseases and promotes overall well-being.
