Nutrients and diet

Question 1

Functions of food

Nutriental vs non-nutrienal?

Answer 1

Nutritional

• energy source
• contributes to cell body structures
• regulates body temp

Non-nutritional

• cultural / social / religious aspects of food
• reward/punishment

Question 2

name the 5 classifications of nutrients

Answer 2

5 classifications split into 2 + water

macronutrients - fat, carbs, proteins: needed in large amounts

micronutrients: vitamin, minerals: needed in much smaller amounts

Question 3

essential vs non-essential vitamin and minerals?

Answer 3

essential: not produced by the body in sufficient amounts eg. vitamin D

non-essential: produced by the body

Question 4

the function of macronutrients?

Answer 4

provide energy for growth and repair

Question 5

functions of carbohydrates

Answer 5

• main source of energy
• not stored plentifully by the body
• good substrate for exercising
• good source of fibre
• fibre:
  > stool formation in the large intestine
  > regulates rates of glucose n lipid absorption

Question 6

functions of fat

Answer 6

• also a source of energy
• stored plentifully as adipose tissue in the liver
• the densest nutrient
• source of essential fatty acids
• cushions organs
• regulates body temp

Question 7

functions of protein

Answer 7

• mostly stored as muscles
• source of energy when ill/starving
• regulates bodily functions
• used structurally for growth and maintenance
• 9/20 amino acids are essential, adequate amounts should be taken to ensure the production of non-essential amino acids by the body

Question 8

which vitamins are non-essential?

Answer 8

vitamin A, B12, B3, D n K

Question 9

what are the functions of vitamins?

Answer 9

• produce regulatory functions
• act as antioxidants (A, C, E)
• food additives (to fish n oil)
• growth (A,C,D)
• blood clotting (K)
• energy metabolism (acting as coenzymes)

Question 10

what are fat-soluble vitamins?

Answer 10

vitamin A, D, E and K

• carried by fat in lymphatic vessels
• require bile as an absorber
• absorbed by the bloodstream
• stored in the liver as adipose tissue
• excessive intake could lead to toxicity as it accumulates in the body

Question 11

what are water-soluble vitamins?

Answer 11

vitamin B and C

• carried by the bloodstream
• not stored so regular intake required
• excessive intake is excreted, however, puts a strain on the kidneys

Question 12

functions of minerals?

Answer 12

• structural role eg. calcium in teeth, Fe is Hb
• some are antioxidants
• some play regulatory roles eg. contraction of muscles

Question 13

Trace elements are types of minerals #

What’s the difference between trace elements and minerals?

Answer 13

• Trace elements are required in much smaller amounts (eg. Fluoride, iodine, copper)
• Minerals are required in much larger amounts (eg. Iron, magnesium, zinc, calcium)

Question 14

The function of vitamin A

Answer 14

The immune system, healthy vision and skin

Question 15

The function of vitamin B

Answer 15

the nervous system, breakdown of food

Question 16

The function of vitamin C

Answer 16

wound healing, healthy cells and skin

Question 17

the function of vitamin D

Answer 17

regulation of calcium and phosphate

Question 18

The function of vitamin E

Answer 18

the immune system, healthy skin and eyes

Question 19

The function of vitamin K

Answer 19

blood clotting and wound healing

Question 20

The function of Iron

Answer 20

carriage of O2 by Hb

Question 21

The function of Calcium

Answer 21

muscle contraction, the building of bones and teeth

Question 22

The function of iodine

Answer 22

thyroid production