Nutrients

Question 1

What are carbohydrates made of?

Answer 1

carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms

Question 2

What are the 2 types of carbohydrates?

Answer 2

Simple carbs (sugars) and complex carbs (starches)

Question 3

What foods contain simple carbs?

Answer 3

Sugars, such as fruits, honey and milk

Question 4

What is glucose?

Answer 4

A type of sugar (carb) that provides fuel for the work done by a body’s cell.
Your cells break down glucose molecules and extract their stored energy.

Question 5

What happens to glucose that isn’t used immediately?

Answer 5

Glucose molecules that your cells do not use immediately are incorporated into larger carbohydrates or are used to make fat molecules.

Question 6

What food contains complex carbs?

Answer 6

Starches such as whole-grain cereals, bread, rice and potatoes.

Question 7

What are complex carbs used for?

Answer 7

Complex carbs are broken down into simple sugars, glucose (blood sugar), and are used for energy.

Question 8

What happens to excess complex carbs and where is it stored?

Answer 8

Complex carbs (now simple sugars) are turned into glycogen and stored mostly in the liver but also in muscle and fat cells.

Question 9

When is glycogen turned to glucose and vice versa?

Answer 9

Glycogen is turned to glucose when the body needs energy and vice versa when there is too much glucose

Question 10

What is another name for simple sugars?

Answer 10

Blood sugar

Question 11

Where do you get fiber?

Answer 11

Plants - fruits, vegetables, whole-grain breads, bran and wheat germ

Question 12

What is the scientific term for fiber?

Answer 12

Cellulose

Question 13

What type of carb is cellulose?

Answer 13

Complex carb

Question 14

What is the use of cellulose?

Answer 14

Supplies bulk to your muscles to help move food and waste through your digestive system.
Cellulose can’t be broken down.

Question 15

What are the 6 types of nutrients?

Answer 15

Water, Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fats, Minerals and Vitamins

Question 16

Which nutrients are macronutrients and which are micronutrients?

Answer 16

Macro: Protein, Carbs, Fats, Water
Micro: Vitamins, Minerals

Question 17

What are amino-acids?

Answer 17

“Building-blocks” of protein

Question 18

What is protein made of?

Answer 18

20 kinds of amino-acids

Question 19

What does protein do?

Answer 19

Provide raw materials for growth and repair, and to make enzymes and other proteins and to help transport oxygen, may be used as fuel

Question 20

What are enzymes?

Answer 20

A type of protein that speeds up certain chemical reactions without being consumed in the reaction

Question 21

What are essential amino-acids?

Answer 21

Amino-acids that can’t be made from other molecules

Question 22

How many essential amino-acids are there?

Answer 22

8

Question 23

What food provides protein?

Answer 23

Animal products such as meat, milk, eggs and cheese

For vegetarians:rice and lentils, corn and beans, hummus with pita bread

Question 24

What happens if you lack an amino-acid

Answer 24

You con’t produce proteins properly

Question 25

Compare and contrast fats and lipids

Answer 25

They’re the same thing

Question 26

What are fats made of?

Answer 26

Fatty acids and glycerol

Question 27

What do fats do?

Answer 27

Store energy and help absorb fat-soluble vitamins

Question 28

What do fatty tissues do?

Answer 28

Cushion organs and provide insulation to your body

Question 29

What are the 3 types of fats

Answer 29

Saturated, Unsaturated and Trans fats

Question 30

Which fats are good and which are bad? Why?

Answer 30

Saturated: Bad. May lead to the build-up of fat deposits in blood vessels which reduces blood flow and contributes to heart disease
Unsaturated:Good (in small quantities). “Important part of a healthy diet”. Comes from f/v, nuts, seeds, fish, olive and sunflower seed oil.
Trans:Bad. They are basically saturated fats and have the same side effects except they are hydrogenated so they are solid at room temp.

Question 31

What are the 2 types of vitamins?

Answer 31

Water-soluble (C and B vitamins) and fat-soluble (A, D, E and K)

Question 32

What are vitamins?

Answer 32

Organic nutrient, organic nutrients contain carbon

If fats, proteins and carbs are building-blocks, vitamins are tools that put them together

Question 33

What are minerals?

Answer 33

Inorganic nutrients (do not contain carbon.

Question 34

Examples of minerals?

Answer 34

Iron, calcium, phosphorus, copper, sodium, zinc

Question 35

Why do minerals need to be consumed every day?

Answer 35

You loose minerals every day through sweat, urine and digestive wastes.

Question 36

What use is water?

Answer 36

Water makes up the bulk of blood, other body fluids and many chemical reactions of the body take place in water

Question 37

What do vitamins do? (7)

Answer 37

Help growth of skin cells, improve night vision and blood clotting, metabolize energy, prevent cellular damage, increase absorption of other nutrients, assist enzymes

Question 38

What do minerals do?

Answer 38

Help form and maintain bones and teeth, maintain acid-base balance, metabolize energy, improve muscle function

Question 39

What is a calorie?

Answer 39

A calorie is the amount of energy required to raise the temp. of 1g of water by 1 degree C

Question 40

Difference between a calorie and a dietary calorie?

Answer 40

1 C (dietary calorie) = 1000 calories