Nutrients Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the nutrient in meat?

A

Protein

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2
Q

What is the nutrient in bread and pasta?

A

Carbohydrates

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3
Q

Where do saturated fats come from?

A

Animal fats e.g butter and lard

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4
Q

Where do polyunsaturated fats come from?

A

Vegetable sources e.g sunflower oil

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5
Q

What is a macro nutrient?

A

A nutrient that is required in large amounts e.g carbohydrates and protein.

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6
Q

What is a micro nutrient?

A

A nutrient that is required in small amounts e.g Calcium,Potassium and Zinc

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7
Q

What are the main sources of Protein?

A

Meat and Dairy Foods

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8
Q

What is the function of protein?

A

To help the body grow and make it stronger and also give the body energy.

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9
Q

What are the effects of excess of protein?

A

Protein contains a lot of nitrogen which can be harmful to the body and can damage the liver and kidney when trying to get rid of it.

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10
Q

What are the effects of deficiency of protein?

A

Children won’t grow properly, hair loss,skin and nails will be in poor condition, unable to digest food properly and can easily develop infections.

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11
Q

What are the main sources of visible animal fat?

A

Butter,lard,fat on meat

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12
Q

What are the main sources of invisible animal fat?

A

Cheese,butter in cakes and pastries,sausages,ready meals and take-away foods.

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13
Q

What is the main source of visible plant fats?

A

Vegetable fat spreads e.g margarine

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14
Q

What are the main sources of invisible plant fats?

A

Processed food e.g fast food and ready meals. Chocolate,cakes,biscuits and doughnuts.

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15
Q

What is the function of fat in the diet?

A

To provide a store of energy,protect the bones and insulate the body.

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16
Q

What are the effects of excess of fat?

A

You can become overweight and develop coronary heart disease.

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17
Q

What are the effects of deficiency of fat?

A

The body can bruise easily,get cold easily and you can become underweight.

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18
Q

What are the main sources of carbohydrates?

A

Bread,pasta,potatoes and beans

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19
Q

What is the function of carbohydrates?

A

To give the body energy and help the body get rid of waste products.

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20
Q

What are the effects of excess of carbohydrates?

A

If the body gets too much carbohydrates it will get converted into fat which can lead to obesity, it can also lead to tooth decay and increase blood sugar level.

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21
Q

What are the effects on deficiency of carbohydrates?

A

Tiredness,weakness in vital organs and weight loss.

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22
Q

What is the function of Vitamin A?

A

To keep skin healthy and help children grow.

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23
Q

What are the effects of deficiency of Vitamin A?

A

Skin becomes dry and infected.

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24
Q

What are the effects of excess of Vitamin A?

A

Can affect the development of a baby.

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25
Q

What are the main sources of Vitamin A?

A

Milk,cheese and oily fish.

26
Q

What is the function of Vitamin D?

A

To help calcium be deposited in the bones and teeth.

27
Q

What are the main sources of Vitamin D?

A

Meat products,vegetable fat spreads.

28
Q

What are the effects of deficiency of Vitamin D?

A

Rickets so bones and teeth will not strengthen and legs will bend.

29
Q

What are the effects of excess of Vitamin D?

A

Too much calcium gets absorbed

30
Q

What is the function of Vitamin K?

A

Help blood clotting

31
Q

What are the main sources of Vitamin K?

A

Green vegetables,cheese and liver.

32
Q

What is the function of Vitamin C?

A

To help the body absorb iron from the small intestine.

33
Q

What is the main source of Vitamin C?

A

Fruit and Vegetables

34
Q

What are the effects of deficiency of Vitamin C?

A

Bleeding gums and losing teeth.

35
Q

What are the effects of excess of Vitamin C?

A

Scurvy which can result in death.

36
Q

What is the function of Calcium?

A

To make muscles and nerves work properly.

37
Q

What are the main sources of Calcium?

A

Milk,cheese,yogurt and fish with softened bones.

38
Q

What are the effects of deficiency of Calcium?

A

Bones and teeth can weaken and can cause rickets.

39
Q

What are the effects of excess of Calcium?

A

It will be deposited into organs.

40
Q

What is the function of Iron?

A

To make hemoglobin in red blood cells and carry oxygen.

41
Q

What are the main sources of Iron?

A

Red meat,whole meal bread and green leafy vegetables.

42
Q

What are the effects of deficiency of Iron?

A

Leads to anemia e.g tiredness and lack of energy.

43
Q

What are the effects of excess of Iron?

A

Poisonous for the body.

44
Q

What is the function of Sodium?

A

To help control water in the body and control nerves and muscles.

45
Q

What is the main source of Sodium?

A

Salt

46
Q

What are the effects of excess of Sodium?

A

High Blood Pressure

47
Q

What are the effects of deficiency of Sodium?

A

Muscle Cramps

48
Q

What is the function of Iodine?

A

To control the rate in which chemical reactions happen.

49
Q

What are the main sources of Iodine?

A

Seafood,vegetables and milk and dairy foods

50
Q

What are the effects of deficiency of Iodine?

A

Swollen neck and an unborn baby can get brain damage.

51
Q

What is the function of fluoride?

A

To strengthen the bones

52
Q

What are the main sources of fluoride?

A

Fish and seafood.

53
Q

What are the effects of excess of fluoride?

A

Discoloured Teeth.

54
Q

What are the effects of deficiency of fluoride?

A

Weak enamel on the teeth.

55
Q

What is the function of Phosphorus?

A

To mineralise the bones and teeth

56
Q

What can cause coronary heart disease?

A

Smoking,Diabetes,high cholesterol and high blood pressure

57
Q

What causes high cholesterol?

A

An unhealthy diet and eating to many foods with unsaturated fats.

58
Q

What does the shortening process make?

A

Shortcrust pastry

59
Q

What is the texture of shortcrust pastry?

A

Tender and crumbly

60
Q

In shortening, as you mix in the fat what have the flour particles been coated with?

A

A waterproof layer of fat

61
Q

What is the first stage of shortening?

A

Mixing the butter with flour.

62
Q

Why are the fingertips used during shortening?

A

Because they are the coolest part of the hand and the aim is to not let the fat e.g butter melt.