Nutrients Flashcards
What are enzymes made of?
Usually made of proteins
What to enzymes do?
Speeds up chemical reactions in the body
Where and when do enzymes work best?
Where: WHEREVER THERE IS LIFE
human saliva - breaks starch into their component sugars. While the stomach combines pepsin with acid to speed the digestion of proteins.
- enzymes are carried to the intestines to facilitate the digestion of fats
When: usually @ body temp = neutral pH conditions
What is a substrate?
-The reactants bind to the enzyme until the reaction is complete. These reactants are called substrates.
Where is the Activation sight?
- Inside the enzyme
- this is where substrates (reactants) bind to enzyme
Do enzymes get used up?
Never!
Explain the role of Catalase
- catalase is an enzyme that fights / breaks down hydrogen peroxide (poison)
What type of macromolecule is a monosaccharide?
-a simple carbohydrate
What is another name for monosaccharide/ simple carbohydrate
Glucose
What is the function of glucose?
To give quick energy
What is an example of glucose (simple carb.)
-Candy bar
What do you get when you put many monosaccharides together?
-polysaccharide
Which macromolecule is the main source of energy for life on the planet?
-Carbohydrates
Name the 3 Macromolecules that are also nutrients -their Subunits-their Functions-and examples.
Protein: SUBUNIT: amino acids. FXN: Build/ repair structures, makes up enzymes
EX’S: (complete) : nuts, beans, rice, corn
( incomplete) meat, chicken, eggs, fish
Fats: SUBUNIT: fatty acids FXN: stores energy, maintains homeostasis, makes up cell membrane
EX’S: saturated fat- solid @ room temp ~ butter/ lard. Unsaturated fat- liquid @ room temp ~ oils
Carbohydrates: subunit: FXN: energy
EX’S: pasta, rice, potato (complex) , glucose (simple)
What is a nutrient?
- used for maintaining homeostasis
- energy, growth, repair
What does it mean to be “Organic”?
All natural & has carbon with hydrogen
What is the difference between a fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamin? Examples?
Fat soluble -> CAN be stored
Examples- vitamin A,D,EK
h2o solubles-> can NOT be stored
Examples- vitamin C & B complex
Name the 6 Nutrients-their functions-and examples
- Carbohydrates - give energy (#1 source)
- Protein- build/repair structures, make up enzymes
- Fat- stores energy, maintains homeostasis, makes up cell membrane
- Water (h20) -hydrate, maintains toxin removal and metabolism, transports nutrients, center of life
- Minerals- builds bones, gives energy, helps nerve and muscle function & immune health
- Vitamins- regulate body functions
What is the monomer of a Protein?
Amino acids
What are Essential Amino Acids?
Their are 8 essential amino acids that must be obtained through diet
Which type of Cholesterol is good? (And where do you find it?)
HDL cholesterol = :) because it clears arteries
Where- exercise, alcohol, olive oil
What is the most dangerous type of fat? (And where do you find it?)
Saturated fat
Found in solids @ room temp such as butter or lard
Explain the “forgotten mineral” .
- The forgotten mineral is magnesium because it is so often overlooked.
- It helps maintain healthy muscle and nerve function, supports the immune system, keeps bones strong, and aids regulation of sugar levels and blood pressure.
- Reduces risk for type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease, protection against osteoporosis,maintains healthy blood pressure levels
- foods rich in magnesium are leafy green vegetables, like spinach, fruits like bananas, apricots, peas, nuts, seeds, whole grain, soy products
What substance lines the esophagus? Why?
Mucus, because it lubricates / makes it smooth for food to go down
