Nutrients

Question 1

Micronutrients

Answer 1

nutrients required by the body in very small amounts (vitamins and minerals)

Question 1

Macronutrients

Answer 1

nutrients that are needed by the body in large amounts (Carbohydrates, fats, protein, fibre and water)

Question 2

Carbohydrates

Answer 2

• Main function is to provide fuel for energy
  
  • If the glucose is not used by the body for energy, it is stored as fat tissue
  • If continually eaten in excess, can contribute to obesity and related conditions such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and colorectal cancer

Food sources are bananas pasta and bread

Question 3

Fats (Lipids)

Answer 3

• Main functions is to act as a fuel for energy
  
  • Fats are classified into four broad categories

Question 4

Monounsaturated Fats (healthy fat)

Answer 4

• Can assist in the lowering of LDL (low density lipoproteins) cholesterol (bad Cholesterol)
  
  • Food sources - avocado, nuts

Question 5

Polyunsaturated Fats (healthy Fat)

Answer 5

• Lowers LDL (low density lipoproteins) and increases HDL (good cholesterol)
  
  • Food sources - fish, soy and canola oils, nuts, seeds

Question 6

Saturated fat (unhealthy fat)

Answer 6

• Shown to increase LDL cholesterol
  
  • Increases risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes
  • Food sources - fatty cuts of meat, create, fried take away food, commercially baked goods

Question 7

Trans Fat (unhealthy fat)

Answer 7

• Raise LDL cholesterol levels and decreases levels of HDL
  
  • Increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes
    Food sources - pies, pastries and cake

Question 8

Protein

Answer 8

• Main function is growth, maintenance and repair of body cells
  
  • Excess protein may be converted into glucose and stored as fat
  • Excess protein can contribute to obesity, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes
  • Excess protein may also lead to excessive loss of calcium from bones, contributing to osteoporosis
  • Food source - beef, chicken and nuts

Question 9

Fibre

Answer 9

• To regulate the functioning of the digestive system
  
  • Prevents constipation by adding bulk to faeces
  • Provides a feeling of fullness
  • Reduces the risk of colorectal cancer, obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease
  • Sources of fibre - whole meal bread, bananas and baked beans

Question 10

Water

Answer 10

• A * A medium for all chemical reactions required to provide energy and produce soft tissue
  
  • Water can assist with weight management when consumed instead of other fluids reducing the risk of obesity, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes
  • Water is absorbed by fibre, therefore plays a role in digestion and prevention of colorectal cancer
  • Sources of water - water, watermelon, lettuce
    for all chemical reactions required to provide energy and produce soft tissue
  • Water can assist with weight management when consumed instead of other fluids reducing the risk of obesity, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes
  • Water is absorbed by fibre, therefore plays a role in digestion and prevention of colorectal cancer
  • Sources of water - water, watermelon, lettuce