Nutrient Transport and Energy Metabolism

Question 1

What is the primary source of energy for animals?

Answer 1

Carbs, mainly glucose.

Question 2

How does ATP release energy?

Answer 2

ATP releases energy when the phosphodiester bonds are broken and ATP is converted to ADP and a phosphate group.

Question 3

What does the body do with excess ATP?

Answer 3

the liver uses the excess ATP and excess glucose to produce molecules called glycogen. Glycogen is a polymeric form of glucose and is stored in the liver and skeletal muscle cells. When blood sugar drops, the liver releases glucose from stores of glycogen. Skeletal muscle converts glycogen to glucose during intense exercise.

Question 4

List the steps in obtaining nutrients and energy.

Answer 4

Ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination.

Question 5

What is digestion?

Answer 5

Digestion is the mechanical and chemical break down of food into small organic fragments

Question 6

What do sucrase and lactase do?

Answer 6

Sucrase breaks down sucrose (or “table sugar”) into glucose and fructose, and lactase breaks down lactose (or “milk sugar”) into glucose and galactose.