Nutrient & Digestion 1 Flashcards
What are the principle dietary constituents?
Fats, Proteins & Carbohydrates
What are the main monosaccharides?
Glucose, Galactose & Fructose
What are the main disaccharides?
Sucrose, Maltose & Lactose
What is the term given to the enzymes that breakdown disaccharides?
Brush border enzymes
What is maltose made up of?
Glucose & Glucose
What is sucrose made up of?
Glucose & Fructose
What is lactose made up of?
Glucose & Galactose
What are the names of the enzymes that convert maltose, sucrose and lactose to their monomeric constituents?
Maltase, Sucrase & Lactase
What are the three main polysaccharides found in nature?
Starch, Glycogen & Cellulose
What are the two types of starch?
Alpaha-amylose & Amylopectin
Which form of starch is highly branched?
Amylopectin
Which form of starch forms straight chains?
Alpha-amylose
What bond creates the polysaccharides starch and glycogen?
Alpha 1,4 Glycosidic
In order, name the monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides
Mono - Glucose, galactose & fructose
Di - Lactose, maltose & sucrose
Poly - Starch, glycogen & cellulose
What is the term given to the movement of nutrients through a cell?
Transcellular
What is the term given to the movement of nutrients through the gaps between cells, in the tight junction areas?
Paracellular
What is the name given to the movement of nutrients via a transporter in the apical and / or basolateral membranes?
Vectorial
Describe the process by which glucose and galactose are taken up into the blood from the intestines
Glucose from food enters the intestine.
Glucose & Na are taken up with sodium via a symporter (SGTL1) on the apical surface
Glucose and Na concentration rises in the intracellular compartment
Glucose is moved out via GLUT-2 in the basolateral membrane
Na is removed via a Na / K ATPase
The build up on Na causes an osmotic gradient between the intestine and blood. This results in water movement from the lumen to the blood
Describe the process by which fructose is taken up into the blood from the intestines
Fructose enters via GLUT-5
Fructose leaves via GLUT-2
Describe how amino acids are taken up into the blood from the intestines
Amino acids enter with Na VIA SAAT1 alongside Na
Amino acids are transported out via a transporter and Na is transported out via Na / K ATPase
Osmotic gradient of Na inside the intestines and inside the blood causes water movement into the blood via para-cellular processes
Describe the movement of dipeptides accross the small intestine
Dipeptides enter via PEPT1 along with H ions
Concentration of both increases
H is pumped out via NHE3 in exchange for Na
Na levels increase
Na is pumped out via Na / K ATPase
Dipeptide is transported out via unknown transporter
