Nutrient Deficiencies Flashcards
1
Q
Protein
A
- muscle wasting
- edema (ankles and feet)
- poor wound healing, pressure ulcers
- corkscrew hair, lacks shine/luster, think/sparse hair
- Minkey’s
- nails: dull, lusterless with transverse riding across nail plate
- moon face (rounded cheeks with pursed mouth, seen in preschoolers)
- Neck: enlarged parotids
- Thorax: decreased muscle mass and strength, shortness of breath, fatigue, decreased pulmonary function
- Nervous system: psychomotor changes, mental confusion
2
Q
Fat
A
-fat soluble vitamin deficiencies (A, D, E, K)
3
Q
Lack of calories
A
break down muscle mass for gluconeogensis
4
Q
Iron (iron deficiency anemia)
A
- skin pallor
- pale conjuctivae (anemia)
- fatigue
- thin, concave nails with raised edges (koilonychia)
5
Q
Folate
A
- megaloblastic anemia
- neural tube defects
- weakness, fatigue, depression
- pallor
- dermatologic lesions
6
Q
Riboflavin B2
A
- tearing, burning, and itching of eyes with fissuring in corners of eyes
- soreness and burning of the lips, mouth and tongue with fissuring (cheilosis) and/or cracking (glossitis)
- purple swollen tongue
- seborrhea of the skin in the nasolabial folds, scrotum or vulva
- capillary overgrowth around the corneas (corneal xerosis)
7
Q
Niacin B3
A
- dermatitis or skin eruptions
- tremors
- sore tongue
- skin that is exposed to sunlight will develop cracks and a scaly form of dermatitis with pigmentation
- may also show signs of riboflavin deficiency
- pellegra (diarrhea , dementia, dermatitis, death)
8
Q
Thiamine B1
A
- beriberi
- wernicke
- korsakoff
- weight loss, muscular wasting
- sometimes edema (wet beriberi)
- malaise
- tense calf muscles
- distended neck veins
- jerky movement of eyes
- staggering gait and difficulty walking
- infants may develop cyanosis
- round, swollen (moon) face
- foot and wrist drop
- heart failure
9
Q
Vitamin B6
A
- microcytic anemias
- tongue inflammation
- inflammation of lining of mouth
- fissure in corner of mouth
10
Q
Vitamin B12
A
- pernicious anemia
- lemon-yellow tint to the skin and eyes
- smooth, red, thickened tongue
11
Q
Vitamin A
A
- bitots spots
- night blindness
- hair follicle blockage with a permanent “goose bump” appearance
- dry, rough, skin
- small, grayish, foamy deposits on the conjunctiva adjacent to the cornea
- drying of the eyes and mucous membranes
12
Q
Vitamin K
A
- clotting
- small hemorrhages in the skin or mucous membranes
13
Q
Vitamin C
A
- scurvy
- impaired wound healing
- edema
- swollen, bleeding and/or retracted gums or tooth loss; mottled teeth; enamel erosion
- lethargy and fatigue
- skin lesions
- small red or purplish pinpoint discolorations on the skin or mucous membranes (petechiae)
- darkened skin around the hair follicles
- corkscrew hair or unemerged, coiled hair
- nails: splinter hemorrhages
- swollen, painful joints
14
Q
Magnesium
A
- tremors, muscle spasms, and tetany (involuntary contraction of muscles)
- personality changes
15
Q
Copper
A
- hair and skin depigmentation
- pallor
- wilson’s disease (excess)
