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Plant-Environment Interactions > Nutrient Capture > Flashcards

Nutrient Capture Flashcards

1
Q

Nutrients obtained from carbon dioxide and water:

A

Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen

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2
Q

Nutrients obtained from soil macro-nutrients

A

N, K, Ca, Mg, P, S and Si

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3
Q

Nutrients obtained from soil micro-nutrients

A

Fe, B, Mn, Cl, Na, Zn, Cu, Ni and Mo

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4
Q

Nutrients that are part of carbon compounds

A

Nitrogen and sulfur

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5
Q

Nutrients that are important in energy storage or structural integrity

A

Phosphorous, silica and boron

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6
Q

Nutrients that remain in ionic form

A

K, Ca, Mg, Cl, Mn and Na

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7
Q

Nutrients that are involved in redox reactions

A

Fe, Zn, Cu, Ni and Mo

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8
Q

Soil __ affects nutrient availability in soils.

A

pH

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9
Q

Which vessel is glucose carried in and how does it get there?

A

Phloem, actively pumped

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10
Q

Ways that root structure can adapt to low nutrient availability:

A

Proteiod roots (e.g. Lupinus albus) - low P
Extra lateral roots - low Fe
Relationships with fungi - rhizosphere

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11
Q

What do proteiod roots do?

A

Adaptation to low phosphate

Increase solubility of phosphorous in soil by secreting citric acid (down pH)

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12
Q

Rate of ion transport across membranes depends on:

A

size of molecule
magnitude of conc. gradient
viscosity of medium
temperature

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13
Q

Transport of ions across membranes, short distances:

A

diffusion

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14
Q

Transport of ions across membranes, long-distance:

A

Pumps - solute
Symporters - 2 solutes in same direction
Antiporters - 2 solutes in opposite direction
Secondary active transport - e.g. active transport of proteins to drive active transport of other ions

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15
Q

How can you test whether active or passive transport?

A

Measure membrane potential and concentration of ion inside and outside of cell.

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16
Q

Symptom(s) of Ca Deficiency

A

New leaves misshapen or stunted

Existing leaves remain green

17
Q

Symptom(s) of N Deficiency

A

Upper leave light green
Lower leaves yellow
Bottom leaves yellow and shrivelled

18
Q

Symptom(s) of Zn Deficiency

A

Chlorosis between veins (yellowing of leaf tissue due to lack of chlorophyll)
Yellowing of tips and margins
Spreading grey-brown spots

19
Q

Symptom(s) of P Deficiency

A

Leaves darker than normal

Loss of leaves

20
Q

Symptom(s) of Fe Deficiency

A

Young leaves yellow/white with green veins

Mature leaves normal

21
Q

Symptom(s) of K Deficiency

A

Yellowing of tips and edges (esp. in young leaves)

Dead or yellow patches or spots develop on leaves

22
Q

Symptom(s) of Mn Deficiency

A

Yellow spots and/or elongated holes between veins

23
Q

Symptom(s) of Mg Deficiency

A

Lower leaves turn yellow from edge inwards

Veins remain green

24
Q

Routes for uptake of nutrients from rhizosphere

A

Apoplastic

Symplastic

25
Q

Where does nitrogen in the environment accumulate from?

A

decomposing processes
lightning
fires

26
Q

What fixes atmospheric nitrogen (N2)?

A

diazotrophic bacteria

27
Q

How is nitrogen transported from the root to the xylem and phloem?

A

symplastic pathways

28
Q

Which do plant roots prefer, NH4+ or NO3-?

A

NO3-

29
Q

What is the NH4+ transporter?

A

AMT1

30
Q

What is the NO3- transporter?

A

HATS and LATS

high and low affinity transport systems

31
Q

In what forms in phosphorous available to plants?

A

PO3 3-, HPO3 2- and H2PO3-

32
Q

What transports Pi in plants?

A

PH1 (high affinity), PHT2 and PH3

33
Q

What is the importance of arbuscular mycirrhiza in Pi uptake?

A

Secretes phosphatases that mobilize Pi from rock sources of P

34
Q

What is pumped from the roots to make Fe more soluble?

A

H+

Fe3+ + H+ -> Fe2+

35
Q

What carries Fe into the epidermis?

A

AtIRT1 transporter

36
Q

In what form is Fe take up by roots?

A

Fe2+

37
Q

Name a high affinity Fe(II) transporter

A

IRT1

Plant-Environment Interactions (13 decks)

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