NUTR+MET+DIAG Flashcards
what are the four functions of nutrition?
-Allow for growth & repair
-Provide energy for body systems
-Improves metabolism (how we utilize our energy)
-Reduce risk of injury & illness
What are the 6 essential nutrients that the human body requires
Carbohydrates
- Lipids
Proteins
Vitamins
Minerals
Water
What does MEET, REDUCE, and CONTRIBUTE mean?
-meet your needs for vitamins, minerals a
other nutrients
• reduce your risk of obesity, type 2
diabetes, heart disease, certain types of
cancer and osteoporosis
-contribute to your overall health and
vitality
What are MACRONUTRIENTS
fats (lipids), carbs and proteins (Amino
Acids) which provide the body with energy.
What category of nutrients are WATER, MINERALS, and VITAMINS
Micronutrients
What do ORGANIC nutrients contain
-Carbon & hydrogen
• Include carbohydrates
fats and proteins and
vitamins
- Came from *once-
living
What do INORGANIC nutrients contain
-Do not contain carbon &
hydrogen
- Include minerals and
water
What are Carbs
Primary fuel source
What are fats/lipids
-Contain less oxygen and water than carbs so gives a higher energy yield/production
-Are an important source of
energy at r and during low
intensity workouts
What are the two categories of FATS
Solid fats = butter, lard, margarine
Liquid Fats= vegetable oils, oils
What is CHOLESTEROL
A form of a lipid which is
produced by the body but can also be
consumed in our diet.
what are the functions of PROTEINS
Support tissue growth, repair and maintenance.
Contain nitrogen as well as C, H2 and 02
The building blocks are amino acids
How many cal/gram does protein provide?
4cal/gram
Is water organic or Inorganic
Inorganic
What are the two types of simple carbs
monosaccharides - single sugars
disaccharides - 2 monosaccharides bound together
describe GLUCOSE
-mild sweet flavor
-known as blood sugar
-essential energy source
-found in every
disaccharide and
polysaccharide
describe FRUCTOSE
-sweetest sugar
-found in fruits and honey
-added to soft drinks, cereals, desserts
describe GALACOSE
-hardly tastes sweet
-rarely found
-naturally occurs as à
single sugar (mono)
-Half of what makes
up “lactose” (added
late)
describe SUCROSE
- is fructose and glucose together
-tastes sweet - found in fruit, vegetables,
-grains
-table sugar is refined
sugarcane and sugar
describe LACTOSE
-glucose and galactose
-main carbohydrate in milk
known as “milk sugar”
what are COMPLEX CARBS made out of?
-polysaccharides
glycogen and starch
built entirely of glucose
-fiber
variety of monosaccharides and other carbohydrate derivatives
describe STARCHES
- stored in plant cells
- Long UNBRANCHED chains of glucose molecules
-body hydrolyzes plant starch to glucose
What is Glycogen?
How we store energy
how does the term “Like Oil and Water” apply to lipids?
water hates fat, fats are scared of water
what is number 1 on the food chain?
glucose
what is CHO CHO CHON CHONPS?
Carbs, Lipids, Amino Acids, Nucleic Acids
What are the four biological molecules? (hint: LICAPRONUC)
lipids, carbs, proteins, nucleic acids
Who was william prout?
a urineologist who gained a understanding about the human body through chemistry
why is it extremely difficult to avoid eating carbs?
1.) its our brains only source of energy
2.) carbs are in everything
does our brain process proteins or fat?
no
what are ENZYMES?
break down, and buildup and transports substances
what are HORMONES
acts as a messenger to molecules
where are hormones transported through?
blood
what do ANTIBODIES do?
defend body against disease
what are protiens made up of?
chains of amino acids
how many amino acids are there?
20
what are the two amino acid groups?
essential amino acids, non-essential amino acids
what DENATURES proteins?
hydrochloric acids in the stomach
which part of our body determines which proteins will be made?
our DNA
What type of proteins are ANIMAL proteins
complete
what kind of proteins are PLANT proteins
incomplete proteins
what are COMPLIMENTARY proteins
incomplete proteins combined to provide adequate levels of essential amino acids
what can MALNUTRITION lead to in young children?
impared growth, muscular atrophy, impaired brain development
what are some HEALTH AFFECTS high protein diets can cause?
heart disease, kidney disease
What are the 6 essential nutrients that the human body requires
Carbs, proteins, minerals, lipids, vitamins, water
T or F only fats carbs and proteins provide the body with energy
T
What are MACRONUTRIENTS made up of?
fats carbs proteins
What are MICRONUTRIENTS made up of?
water, minerals, vitamins
What is the Glycemic index
A way of classifying food according to their ability and what raise blood glucose
Where are carbs lipids and proteins broken down in the body?
Carbohydrates are broken down in the mouth and small intestine, lipids (fats) are broken down primarily in the small intestine, and proteins are broken down in the stomach and small intestine through the action of digestive enzymes.
How does a lactose intolerance work
When more lactose is consumed rather than can be digested, lactose molecules attract water causing bloating
What percentage of the body’s glycogen is stored in the liver?
1/3rd
What are KETONE BODIES
fat fragments
what is the minimum of grams of carbs/day are needed to avoid KETOSIS
50-100
What moves glucose into the blood?
Insulin
What does glucagon do?
Brings glucose out of storag e
What are TRIGLYCERIDES
fats and oils
Name 5 functions of fat in the body
1.) energy source
2.) serves as an energy reserve
3.) major component of cell membranes
4.) nourishes skin and hair
5.) insulates the body from extreme temperatures
How many calories does 1 lb of body fat contain
3555
What are the essential fatty acids
vitamins A,D,E,K
what is TETIARY CARE
specialty hospitals or regional centers with expert specialty care
define a CALORIE
amount of energy needed to raise the temp of 1 kg of water by 1°C
What are the 4 medical diagnostics people discovered
Divinity-4humours-miasma theory-germ theory
What is the Definition of Diagnosis?
Dia: meaning completely
gnosis: meaning to know
the process of determining the nature of a disease or disorder and distinguishing it from other possible conditions
what are the three G’s?
glucose, glycogen, glucagon
