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NUTR 316 > NUTR 316 LACTATION > Flashcards

NUTR 316 LACTATION Flashcards

1
Q

Lactogenesis I

A

1st stage of lactogenesis
birth to 2-5 days
milk formation begins

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2
Q

Lactogenesis II

A

begins 2-5 days after birth

increased blood flow to breast; milk “comes in”

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3
Q

Lactogenesis III

A

begins at ~10 day after birth

milk composition is stable

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4
Q

Prolactin

A

Stimulates milk production

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5
Q

Oxytocin

A

Stimulates let down–>
milk to eject into ducts
Causes uterus to contract, seal blood vessels, & shrink in size

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6
Q

HORMONES- mammary glands

A

ACT ON MAMMARY GLANDS
prolactin= milk PRODUCTION
oxytocin= milk EJECTION

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7
Q

HORMONES-reproductive system

A 
prolactin= inhibits ovulation
oxytocin= promotes uterine contraction
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8
Q

How long does a baby need to breast feed?

A

Human milk is the only food needed by the majority of healthy infants for ~ 6 months*****
It nurtures & protects infants from infectious diseases

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9
Q

The composition of milk changes over time

A

a single feeding…over a day, based on age of the infant, & maternal nutrition status

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10
Q

FIRST MILKING

A

DURING THE FIRST FEW DAYS OF POST PARTUM

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11
Q

What is in breast milk?

A

Very high in proteins =>
secretory IgA
& lactoferrin

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12
Q

WATER

A

isotonic with maternal plasma

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13
Q

ENERGY

A

Energy

~0.65 kcal/mL

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14
Q

LIPIDS

A

provide 1/2 the calories in HUMAN milk

fatty acids= reflects moms diet

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15
Q

Lipids in breast milk- DIET

A

Very low fat diet with adequate carbs & protein, milk is low in medium-chain fatty acids

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16
Q

DHA

A

DOCOSA- HEXAENOIC ACID
essential for retinal development
=higher IQ scores

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17
Q

CHOLESTEROL

A

Early consumption of cholesterol through breast milk could be related to lower blood cholesterol levels later in life

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18
Q

Total proteins in HBM

A

Lower than whole cows milk

.32g/floz vs .96g/floz

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19
Q

Total proteins in HBM…

A

Have antiviral & antimicrobial effects

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20
Q

Casein

A

MAIN PROTEIN IN HBM

facilitates calcium absorption

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21
Q

Whey

A

Includes LACTOFERRIN- iron carrier

22
Q

Non-protein nitrogen

A

~20-25% nitrogen- HBM

Used to make non-essential amino acids

23
Q

Oligosaccharides

A

HBM

med-length CHO

24
Q

Oligosaccharides

A

PREVENTS

  • binding of pathogenic microorganisms to gut
  • infection & diarrhea
25
Q

VIT A

A

fat- soluble vits in HBM

26
Q

VIT A

A

Content in colostrum is ~double that of mature milk

Yellow color from beta-carotene

27
Q

Vitamin K

A

FAT- soluble vits HBM
~5% breast fed infants=risk vit K def. (clotting fx)

Infants who did not receive K injection at birth may be deficient

28
Q

Vitamin B12 and folate

A

H2O soluble vits HBM

29
Q

Low B12 seen in women who:

A

Have latent pernicious anemia
Are vegans or malnourished
Have had gastric bypass

30
Q

Bioavailability

A

Exclusively breastfed infants have very low risk of anemia despite low iron content of human milk

31
Q

BENEFITS Breastfeeding women

Hormones

A

Increased oxytocin stimulates uterus to return to prepregnancy status

32
Q

Physical benefits for ma

A

Delay in monthly ovulation resulting in longer intervals between pregnancies

33
Q

Psychological benefits for ma

A

Increased self-confidence & bonding with infant

34
Q

Benefits for baby

NUTR

A

Widely recognized
HMS (Human Milk Subs) use human milk as a standard
Nutrients are balanced

35
Q

Benefits for baby

NUTR

A

Meets infants’ protein needs without overloading the kidneys

Contains soft, easily digestible curd

36
Q

Benefits for baby

NUTR

A

Provides generous amounts of the right lipids
Minerals more bioavailable
Human milk is isotonic

37
Q

Immunological benefits

for baby

A

Lower infant mortality in developing countries

Fewer acute illnesses

38
Q

Reductions in chronic illnesses…

A

Reduce risk of celiac disease, IBS, leukemia

Reduce risk of allergies and asthmatic disease

39
Q

Breastfeeding & childhood overweight

A

Typically breastfed infants are leaner at 1 year of age

40
Q

Cognitive benefits

A

Increase in cognitive ability even after adjusting for family environment

41
Q

Analgesic effects

A

Reduction of infant pain

42
Q

Socioeconomic benefits

A

Decreased need for medical care

43
Q

Feeding frequency

A

10-12 feedings/day are normal for newborns

Stomach emptying occurs in ~1½ hours

44
Q

Identifying breastfeed MAlnutr.

A

~7% of birthweight in 1st week

Weight loss of 10% needs evaluation by lactation consultant

45
Q

Identifying breastfeed MAlnutr.

A

By day 5 to 7, infants should have 6 wet diapers & 3-4 soiled diapers

46
Q

Vitamin D

A

Exclusively breastfed infants need supplements at 2 months

47
Q

DRI

maternal needs

A

+500 kcal/day for the 1st 6 months

+400 kcal/day afterward

48
Q

Max time of breast feeding?

A

MAX 1 year

49
Q

US surgeon general BF time?

A

EXCLUSIVELY 6 MO.

50
Q

Obesity and breastfeeding

A

Overweight & obesity prior to pregnancy & excess prenatal weight gain breastfeed for shorter duration
Probably due to less prolactin levels

NUTR 316 (1 decks)

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