Nursing Theory Flashcards
Health
Not merely the absence of disease or infirmity, but a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being. (per the World Health Organization-WHO)
Health Promotion
process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health.
Wellness
purposeful, enjoyable living or, more specifically, a deliberate lifestyle choice characterized by personal responsibility and optimal enhancement of physical, mental, and spiritual health.
6 Dimensions of Wellness
SOS PIE
- Social
- Occupational
- Spiritual
- Physical
- Intellectual
- Emotional
Social (6 dimensions of wellness)
Actively taking part in improving our world, seeking ways to enhance personal relationships, celebrating friendships, and building our community
Occupational (6 dimensions of wellness)
Finding enrichment through our work or vocation to enhance our well-being.
Spiritual (6 dimensions of wellness)
Identifying our basic purpose in life; learning how to experience love, joy, peace and fulfillment, and helping ourselves and others achieve our potential.
Intellectual (6 dimensions of wellness)
Ability to think and learn from life experience, openness to new ideas, and capacity to question and evaluate information.
Emotional (6 dimensions of wellness)
- The degree to which one feels positive and enthusiastic about oneself and life.
- involves awareness and acceptance of a wide range of feelings in oneself and other.
Physical (6 dimensions of wellness)
participation in regular physical activity leading to a heightened awareness of the connection between body, mind and spirit
Illness
subjective experience of loss of health; unhealthy condition; poor health;sickness
Disease
objective state of ill health; any abnormal condition in a plant that interferes with its vital physiological processes caused by pathogenicmicroorganisms, parasites, unfavorable environmental, genetic, or nutritional factors, etc.
Epidemiology
Study of how often diseases occur in different groups of people and why.
Morbidity
Disease rate in one period of time or in one place
Mortality
Number of deaths in one period of time or in one place
Population Health
- A way of thinking about the social and economic forces that shape health
- Builds upon public health and health promotion
Disease Prevention
action to avoid disease
3 levels of prevention
- primary prevention
- secondary prevention
- tertiary prevention
Primary Prevention (3 levels of prevention)
Protection from disease before signs and symptoms.
Secondary Prevention (3 levels of prevention)
Activities that promote early detection of disease once pathogens have occurred.
Tertiary Prevention (3 levels of prevention)
Activities are initiated in the convalescence stage of disease and are directed toward minimizing residual disability and helping people to live productively with limitations. Ex. cardiac rehab program after heart attack
Health Protection
- Protecting health
- Preventing illness or injuries
Empowerment
An outcome and a process by which people, individually and collectively in organizations and communities, exercise their ability to effect change to enhance control, quality, of life and social justice
Mental Health
state of emotional and psychological well-being in which an individual is able to use his or her cognitive and emotional capabilities, function in society, and meet the ordinary demands of everyday life
Emotional Health
Generally associated to feelings and moods.
Emotional Intelligence
emotionally healthy people tend to have higher levels of emotional intelligence. 5 components:
- self-awareness
- altruism
- personal motivation
- empathy
- ability to love and be loved
term used to evaluate the capacity of people to understand themselves and relate well with others.
Social Health
ability to interact with the people around us as well as our capability to function as a contributing member of society while supporting and helping others to do the same.
Spiritual Health
ability to identify our basic purpose in life and to experience the fulfillment of achieving our full potential
Self esteem
confidence and satisfaction in oneself
Altruism
unselfish regard for people
assertiveness
behaving in a non hostile, confident manner to make your needs and desires clear to others
autonomy
ability to draw on internal resources; independence from familial and societal influences. Independence
Optimistic
Tendency to seek out, remember, and expect pleasurable experiences
Post traumatic stress disorder
The repeated reliving of a trauma through nightmares or recollection
Self actualization
State of wellness and fulfillment that can be achieved once certain human needs are satisfied; living to one’s full potential
Values
criteria by which one makes choices about one’s thoughts, actions, goals, and ideals.
Mental Illness
Alterations in thinking, mood, or behaviour associated with significant distress, dysfunction, and impaired functioning
Anxiety
Can lear to intensified asthmatic reactions, skin conditions, and digestive disorders
Depression
has increasingly been recognized as a serious risk factor for physical illness
Definition of Social Determinants
Aspects that are very important to health and wellness status
Social Determinants (14)
- Income and income distribution
- Education
- Unemployment
- Employment and Working Conditions
- Early Childhood Development
- Food Insecurity
- Housing
- Social Exclusion
- Social Safety Net
- Health Services
- Aboriginal Status
- Gender
- Race
- Disability
Social Justice
fair distribution of social determinants of health among members of the population - equal access to everybody
Nursing’s Role to Social Justice?
“providing safe, compassionate competent ethical healthcare,”
“promoting health and well-being” (most important)
“preserving dignity”
~ Code of Ethics for Registered Nurses
3 models of health
- biomedical model
- behavioural model
- socio-environmental model
Biomedical Model
views health as absence of disease or disorder
Behavioural Model
views health as the product of making healthy lifestyle choices
Socio-Environmental Model
views health as the product of social, economic and environmental determinants that provide incentives and barriers to the health of individuals and communities
Leading Health Problems according to Biomedical Health Model
- cardiovascular disease
- cancer
- HIV/AIDS
- stroke
- diabetes
- obesity
Leading Health Problems according to Behavioural Model
- smoking
- poor eating habits
- physical inactivity
- substance abuse
- poor stress coping skills
- lack of life skills
Leading Health Problems according to Socio-Environmental Model
- poverty
- unemployment
- powerlessness
- isolation
- environmental pollution
- stressors
- hazardous working conditions
Biomedical Approach to Reducing Heart Disease
- treatment
- drugs
- low salt/low cholesterol dietary regimen
Behavioural Approach to Reducing Heart Disease
- health education
- health communication
- self-help/mutual aid
- advocacy for health public policies supporting lifestyle choices
Socio-Environmental Approach to Reducing Heart Disease
- policy change
- advocacy
- community mobilization
- self-help/mutual aid
Gordon’s 11 Functional Health Patterns
ASSESSMENT TOOL
- Health Perception/Health Management
- Nutritional-Metabolic
- Elimination
- Activity - Exercise
- Cognitive - Perceptual
- Sleep - Rest
- Self-Perception/Self-Concept
- Role-Relationship
- Sexuality-Reproductive
- Coping/Stress Tolerance
- Value/Belief
MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS
5 categories
- –BOTTOM OF PYRAMID—
1. PHYSIOLOGICAL
2. SAFETY
3. LOVE/BELONGING
4. ESTEEM
5. SELF-ACTUALIZATION - –TOP OF PYRAMID—
MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS
PHYSIOLOGICAL
- breathing
- food
- water
- sex
- sleep
- homeostasis
- excretion
MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS
SAFETY
security of:
- body
- employment
- resources
- morality
- family
- health
- property
MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS
LOVE/BELONGING
- friendship
- family
- sexual intimacy
MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS
ESTEEM
- self-esteem
- confidence
- achievement
- respect of others
- respect by others
MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS
SELF-ACTUALIZATION
- morality
- creativity
- spontaneity
- problem-solving
- lack of prejudice
- acceptance of facts
14 SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH
Shh! Bed Chic! Sage
S - Social support H - Health Care H - Housing B - Biological E - Education D - Disability C - Culture H - Housing I - Income C - Child Development S - Seclusion A - Aboriginal G - Gender E - Employment
