Nursing Process And Critical Thinking

Question 1

NURSING: WHAT IS IT?

Florence Nightingale
•
•

Answer 1

• “Charge of the personal health of somebody
• “What nursing has to do……. Is to put the patient in the best possible condition for nature to act upon him.”

Question 2

NURSING: WHAT IS IT?

AMERICAN NURSES ASSOCIATION (ANA, 2003, AS CITED IN ANA, 2004, P.7)

Answer 2

• Is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individual, families, communities, and populations.

Question 3

NURSING: WHAT IS IT?

The ANA defined nursing in _ and reaffirmed that definition in _.

Answer 3

1980, 1995

Question 4

• The definition describes the scope of nursing practice:

• Is the diagnosis and treatment of
  human responses to actual or potential health problems.

Answer 4

o NURSING DX (nursing diagnosis)

Question 5

• Purposeful, disciplined, reflective reasoning focused on finding meaning, deciding what to believe and do, and improve the current situation.

Answer 5

CRITICAL THINKING

Question 6

Is the intellectually disciplined process of actively and skillfully conceptualizing, applying, analyzing, synthesizing and/or evaluating information gathered from, or generated by observation, experience, reflection, reasoning, or communication as guide to belief and action.

Answer 6

CRITICAL THINKING according to Kozier

Question 7

• A systematic way to form and shape one’s thinking.

Answer 7

CRITICAL THINKING according to TAYLOR

Question 8

COMPONENTS OF CRITICAL THINKING FOR CLINICAL JUDGEMENT:

Answer 8

• Cognitive skills (thinking)
• Affective skills (feelings and beliefs)
• Personality traits

Question 9

GOOD CLINICAL JUDGEMENT IN NURSING =

Answer 9

knowledge + clinical experience + reasoning skills using nursing process + attitudes + standards

Question 10

THREE LEVELS OF CRITICAL THINKING:

Answer 10

• COMMITED LEVEL/ EXPERT
• COMPLEX LEVEL/ INTERMEDIATE
• BASIC LEVEL/ NOVICE

Question 11

• Solution is for the patient in this situation
• based on +/- of the solutions
• years of knowledge and experience

Answer 11

Commited Level/ Expert

Question 12

• The right answer depends
• several solutions: which one?
• sees +/- of each solution
• more knowledge and
experiences

Answer 12

COMPLEX LEVEL/ INTERMEDIATE

Question 13

• Tell me the answer
• only one right answer
• right or wrong
• less knowledge and experience

Answer 13

BASIC LEVEL/ NOVICE

Question 14

CHARACTERISTICS OF CRITICAL THINKERS:

Answer 14

Inquisitive/ curiosity
Systematic
Fair-minded
Analytic
Critical Thinking Confidence
Truth seeking
Mature thinking leads to independence

Question 15

ATTITUDE THAT POSTER CRITICAL THINKERS:

Answer 15

Insight into egocentricity
Intellectual humility
Intellectual courage to challenge status quo and rituals
Integrity
Perseverance

Question 16

• The ______ is the way one thinks like a nurse.

Answer 16

Nursing Process

Question 17

INTRODUCTION TO NURSING PROCESS: BACKGROUND AND HISTORY

Answer 17

1955, Lydia Hall - first used term nursing process (nursing is a process – series of actions directed toward a
specific aim).
1959, Dorothy Johnson
- Described nursing as fostering the behavioral
functioning of the client. (assessment decision action).
1961, Ida Jean Orlando
- Is the interaction of 1) client behavior; 2) reaction to nurse; 3) nursing action
1963, Ernestine Wiedenbach
- identify act, evaluate).
1960’s - nursing theorists began to describe nursing as distinct entity among the health care professions and also delineated specific steps in a process approach.
1967, Yura & Walsh
- published the
comprehensive book on nursing process, in which they describe 4
steps in nursing process: APIE. They viewed nursing diagnosis as conclusion of assessment
1974, Gebbie and Lavin
made nursing diagnosis a separate
step in process: ANPIE
1973 - Steps in Nursing Process legitimized when ANA Congress of Nursing Practice developed standards of practice to guide nursing performance. These standards were revised in 1991, 1998, and 2003.

Question 18

• In latest edition, the ANA list 6 separate steps of Nursing Process:

Answer 18

1. Assessment;
2. Diagnosis;
3. Outcome identification;
4. Planning
5. Implementation;
6. Evaluation.

Question 19

OTHER ADVANTAGES TO BECOME SKILLED IN THE USE OF NURSING PROCESS:

Answer 19

• Graduation from an Accredited School of Nursing
• Confidence
• Job Satisfaction
• Professional Growth
• Aid in Staff Assignment
• Employment in Nationally Accredited Hospital

Question 20

• is a systematic, rational method of planning and providing individualized nursing care. (Kozier)

Answer 20

Nursing Process

Question 21

PURPOSE & IMPORTANCE OF NURSING PROCESS (KOZIER):

Answer 21

• To identify a client’s health status and actual or potential health problems or needs.
• To establish plans to meet the identified needs
• To deliver specific nursing intervention to meet those needs
• The process provides a framework that enables the nurse and patient to accomplish the following:
o Systematically collect patient data
o Clearly identify patient’s strengths and actual and potential problems
o Develop a holistic plan of individualized care that specifies the desire patient goals and related outcomes and the nursing interventions most likely to assist the
patient to meet those expected outcomes
o Execute the plan outcomes
o Evaluate the effectiveness of the plan of care in terms of patient goal achievement

Question 22

SKILLS REQUIRED IN UTILIZING NURSING PROCESS:

Answer 22

Intellectual/ Cognitive Skills
Technical Skills
Interpersonal Skills
Ethical and Legal Skills

Question 23

• Offers a scientific rationale for the patient
• Select those nursing interventions that are most likely to yield the desire outcome
• Use critical thinking to solve problems creatively

Answer 23

Intellectual/ cognitive skills

Question 24

MANIPULATES EQUIPMENTS SKILFULLY TO PRODUCE A DESIRED OUTCOME OR RESULT. THEY ARE ABLE TO ACCOMPLISH THE FOLLOWING:
• Use technical equipment with sufficient competence and ease to achieve goals with minimal distress to participants involved.
• Creatively adapt equipment and technical procedure to the needs of particular patients in diverse circumstances.

Answer 24

TECHNICAL SKILLS

Question 25

• Establish and maintain caring relationships that facilitate the achievement of valued goals while simultaneously affirming the worth of those in the relationship.
• THEY ARE ABLE TO ACCOMPLISH THE FOLLOWING:
o Use interaction: patients, SO and colleagues to affirm their worth
o Elicit the personal strength and abilities clients/SO to achieve valued health goals.
o Provide the health care team with
knowledge about the patient’s valued goals and expectations.
o Work collaboratively with the health care team as a respective and credible colleague to reach valued goals.

Answer 25

Interpersonal skills

Question 26

NURSES CONDUCT THEMSELVES IN A MANNER CONSISTENT WITH THEIR PERSONAL MORAL CODE AND
PROFESSIONAL ROLE RESPONSIBILITIES.

Answer 26

Ethical and Legal Skills

Question 27

• Be accountable for their practice, to
themselves, the patient they serve, the care giving team and the society.
• Be trusted to act in a ways that advance the interest of patients.
• Act as effective patient advocates
• Mediates ethical conflict among the patient, significant others, health care team and other interested parties.
• Practice nursing faithful to the tenets of professional code of ethics and appropriate standards of practice.

Answer 27

Ethical and Legal Skills

Question 28

NURSING PROCESS COMPARED WITH PROBLEM SOLVING

• _________ is based from methodology (strength)

Answer 28

Nursing process

Question 29

APPROACHES TO PROBLEM SOLVING:

Answer 29

Trial-and-error Problem Solving
Intuition/Intuitive thinking
Scientific Problem Solving

Question 30

APPROACHES TO PROBLEM SOLVING
• it involves testing any number of solutions until one is found that works for that particular problem.

Answer 30

Trial-and-error Problem Solving

Question 31

APPROACHES TO PROBLEM SOLVING
• is the understanding or learning of things without conscious use of reasoning. (sixth sense, hunch, instinct, feeling or suspicion).

Answer 31

Intuition/ intuitive thinking

Question 32

APPROACHES TO PROBLEM SOLVING
• is a systematic, seven steps problems solving process:
o Problem identification, data collection, hypothesis formulation, plan of action, hypothesis testing, interpretation of results and evaluation.
• (Research Process and scientific/modified scientific method).

Answer 32

Scientific Problem Solving

Question 33

Nursing Process:
CLIENT IDENTIFIED

Scientific Method: ?

Answer 33

Defining the Problem

Question 34

Nursing Process: Assessment

Scientific Method: ?

Answer 34

Collecting Data

Question 35

Nursing Process: DIAGNOSIS

Scientific Method: ?

Answer 35

Forming Hypothesis

Question 36

Nursing Process: PLANNING

Scientific Method: ?

Answer 36

Protocol

Question 37

Nursing Process: IMPLEMENTATION

Scientific Method: ?

Answer 37

Testing Hypothesis

Question 38

Nursing Process: EVALUATION

Scientific Method: ?

Answer 38

Forming Conclusion

Question 39

CHARACTERISTICS OF NURSING PROCESS:

Answer 39

• Systematic
• Dynamic
o continually changing.
• Interpersonal and collaborative
o it requires the nurse to communicate directly and consistently with clients and families to meet their needs.
• Outcome oriented
• Nursing process is adaptation of problem solving and system theory.
• Decision making is involved in every phase of nursing process
• Universally applicable in nursing situation (it is used as framework for nursing for all types of health care settings, with client of all ages.)
• Nurses must use a variety of critical-thinking skills carry out the nursing process.

Question 40

• The definition describes the scope of nursing practice:

• Is the recipient of nursing care in the broadest possible sense.

Answer 40

o PATIENT

Question 41

• It is based on evidence (data) rather than personal values, biases, or guess work

Answer 41

CRITICAL THINKING

Question 42

• Is essential to safe, competent, skillful nursing practice.

Answer 42

CRITICAL THINKING

Question 43

• It functions purposefully and exactingly, it is thought that is disciplined, comprehensively based on intellectual standard, and as a result, well-reasoned.

Answer 43

CRITICAL THINKING according to TAYLOR

Question 44

• it is a systematic, creative approach used to identify, prevent, and treat actual or potential health problems; to identify patient strengths; and to promote wellness.

Answer 44

Nursing Process

Question 45

• It provides the frameworks in which nurse use their knowledge and skills to express human caring

Answer 45

Nursing Process

Question 46

NURSING PROCESS COMPARED WITH PROBLEM SOLVING

• __________ is a basic life skill; identifying a problem then taking steps to resolve it as a matter of common sense.

Answer 46

Problem solving