Nursing Intro - Exam 1 Flashcards
What are the roles of nurses?
- respond to needs of patients
- actively participate in determining best practices
Who is Florence Nightingale?
the mother of modern nursing
What was her role in the community?
- organized first school of nursing
- improved sanitation in battlefield hospitals
Who is Clara Barton?
Founder of the Red Cross
Who is Mother Bickerdyke?
She organized ambulance services, and walked the battlefield at night looking for wounded soldiers
Who is Mary Mahoney?
She was the first professionally trained African- American nurse
Who is Lillian Wald and Mary Brewster?
- they opened the Henry Street Settlement
- their nurses were some of the first to demonstrate autonomy in their practice
Which century did these changes occur in?
- a movement toward developing a scientific, research-based practice and defined body of knowledge
- nurses assumed advanced practice roles
20th century
Which century did these changes occur in?
- changes in nursing school curriculum
- advances in technology and informatics
- new programs address current health concerns
- nursing taking a leadership role in developing standards and policies
21st century
What is the importance of nurses’ self- care?
- compassion fatigue
- secondary traumatic stress
- burnout
What is the Affordable Care Act (ACA)?
Affecting how health care is paid for and delivered. More nursing in community- based settings
What are Rising health care costs?
Presents challenges to the nursing profession, consumer, and health care delivery system
What are Demographic changes?
Movement of people from rural to urban areas, increased life span, increase in patients living with chronic and long- term illnesses
Who are the Medically underserved?
Unemployment, low-paying jobs, mental illness, homelessness
What is patient- centered care?
Patient includes individual, families, and/or communities
What is professionalism?
- administer quality care
- be responsible and accountable
What are Benner’s stages of nursing proficiency?
Novice Advanced beginner Competent Proficient Expert
At what stage would a practicing nurse of 2-3 years be in?
Competent
At what stage would a nurse with some experience be in?
Advanced beginner
At what stage would a nurse of 10 years in the same department be in?
Expert
At what stage would a nursing student be in?
Novice
At what stage would a practicing nurse of more than 2-3 years be in?
Proficient
What does ADPIE stand for?
Assess Diagnose Plan Implement Evaluate
What are some professional roles and responsibilities?
Autonomy Accountability Caregiver Advocate Educator Communicator Manager
What are some essential skills a nurse must have?
- time management
- therapeutic communication
- patient education
- compassion
What are the two stages of assessment?
Collection and verification of data
Analysis of data
What are sources of data?
- patient
- family and significant others
- health care team
- medical records
- scientific literature
What are the types of data?
- subjective
- objective
Should you document subjective data?
No! Only if that pt stated the words and they are in quotes
What are the types of assessments?
- patient centered interview
- physical examination
- periodic assessment
What is a cue?
Information obtained through use of senses
What is an inference?
Your judgement or interpretation of these cues
When is motivational interviewing often used?
In counseling
What is effective communication?
Requires courtesy, comfort, connection, and confirmation
What are the phases of the patient-centered interview?
- orientation (introduce yourself, your position, and explain the purpose of the interview)
- working phase (listen and gather information)
- termination (summarize discussion and check for accuracy)
What are some interview techniques?
- observation
- open ended questions (allows for conversation)
- leading questions (can be risky but useful)
- back channeling (promotes active listening)
- direct close-ended questions (limits to “yes” or “no”)
What are some cultural considerations you should look for?
- respect the unfamiliar and be sensitive to patients uniqueness
- ask for clarification if you are unsure of what the pt is wanting
What questions are involved in the nursing health history?
- biographical information (age, address, occupation …)
- chief concern (learn the pt chief concern or problem)
- pt expectations (learn what the pt expects to happen while they are seeking treatment)
- present illness or health concerns (determine when the problem began, how severe, quality…)
- health history (family history)
- environmental history (home/work environment)
- psychosocial history (support system, spouse, friends…)
- spiritual health (pt beliefs, source of guidance, rituals or practices)
- review of systems (an approach to collect subjective data from the pt about each body system)
What is diagnostic and laboratory data?
- Results that provide further explanation of alterations or problems identified during the health history and physical examination
- compare with normals
What is interpreting and validating assessment data?
- ensures collection of complete database
- leads to clinical decision making
- compare with other sources for accuracy
- can lead you to reassess and gather additional data
When documenting data you should …?
- use clear, concise appropriate terminology
- it becomes the baseline for care
What is concept mapping?
A visual representation that allows you to graphically show the connections among a patients many health problems
You should always observe a patients verbal and nonverbal behaviors because
It can add depth to objective data
Important aspects of observation include… ?
The pt physical, developmental, psychological, and social aspects of everyday living
What is a care plan?
- provides direction for individualized care of the client
- flows from each pt unique assessment and organized by the pt specific needs
- means of communication and organizing actions of constantly changing nursing staff
What are the components of a care plan?
- client database
- interviewing
- physical assessment
- diagnostic studies
What are the pieces of a care plan?
- Diagnosis (what is the area of concern that nurses treat/prevent/monitor?)
- Outcome/Goal (what is an appropriate goal for this pt?)
- Intervention (what treatment is most effective?)
Diagnosis (I have no idea how to make this into a question 😂)
- during our assessment, we create our database of info
- with this data we identify a nursing diagnosis for our pt
- nursing diagnosis allow for clear communication among the care team
- allow for collection of data for continuous improvement
- can be an individuals response to health problems or life processes