Nursing Entrep-Midterms Flashcards
is an important precursor to action in new ventures by helping firm founders to make decisions, to balance resource supply and demand, and to turn abstract goals into concrete operational steps
Business Planning
Trying to predict the future is like trying to drive down a country road at night with no lights while looking out the back window.
Peter Drucker
Business plans are developed for both internal and external purposes. Internally, entrepreneurs develop business plans to help put the pieces of their business together. The most common external purpose for a business plan is to raise capital.
Business Planning Purposes
The business plan is the road map for the development of the business because it
* defines the vision for the company
* establishes the company’s strategy
* describes how the strategy will be implemented
* provides a framework for analysis of key issues
* provides a plan for the development of the
business
* is a measurement and control tool
* helps the entrepreneur to be realistic and to put theories to the test
Internal Purposes
The business plan is often the main method of
describing a company to external audiences such as potential sources for financing and key personnel being recruited. It should assist outside parties to understand the current status of the company, its opportunities, and
its needs for resources such as capital and personnel. It also provides the most complete source of information for valuation of the business.
External Purposes
As Hindle and Mainprize (2006) note, business plan writers must strive to communicate their expectations about the nature of an uncertain future. However, the liabilities of newness make communicating the expected future of new ventures difficult (more so than for existing businesses.
Business Plan Communication Principles
Five Communication Principles
- Expectations
- Milestones
- Oppurtunities
- Context
- Business Model
- Translation of your vision of the venture and how it will perform into a format compatible with the expectations of the readers
- Communicate that:
* you have identified and understood the key success factors and risks
* the projected market is large and you expect good market penetration
* you have a strategy for commercialization, profitability, and market domination
* you can establish and protect a proprietary and competitive position
Expectations
- Anchoring key events in the plan with specific financial and quantitative values
- Communicate that:
* your major plan objectives are in the form of financial targets
* you have addressed the dual need for planning and flexibility
* you understand the hazards of neglecting linkages between certain events
* you understand the importance of quantitative values (rather than just chronological dates)
Milestones
- Nothing lasts forever—things can change to
impact the opportunity: tastes, preferences, technological innovation, competitive landscape - Communicate these four aspects to distinguish the business concept, distinctive competencies, and sustainable advantages:
* the new combination upon which venture is built
* magnitude of the opportunity or market size
* market growth trends
* venture’s value from the market (% of market share proposed or market share
value in dollars)
Opportunities
- Four key aspects describing context within
which new venture is intended to function (internal and external environment) - Communicate
* how the context will help or hinder the proposal
* how the context may change & affect the business & the range of flexibility or response that is built into the venture
* what management can or will do in the event the context turns unfavorable
* what management can do to affect the
context in a positive way
Context
- Brief and clear statement of how an idea actually becomes a business that creates value
- Communicate
* Who pays, how much, and how often?
* The activities the company must perform to produce its product, deliver it to its customers and earn revenue
* And be able to defend assertions that the venture is attractive and sustainable and has a competitive edge
Business Model
Hindle and Mainprize (2006) outline five principles to help entrepreneurs project credibility
Business Plan Credibility Principles
Business Plan Credibility Principles
- Team
- Elaboration
- Scenario Integration
- Financial Link
- The Deal
- Without the right team, nothing else matters.
- Communicate
* What do they know?
* Who do they know?
* How well are they known?
Team
- Break down individual tasks into their sub-parts so each step maximizes the upside and
minimizes the downside:
* sub-strategies
* ad-hoc programs
* specific tactical action plans
Elaboration
- Claiming an insuperable lead or a proprietary market position is naïve.
- Venture building is like chess:
* Anticipate several moves in advance
* View the future as a movie vs. snapshot
Scenario Integration
- Key assumptions related to market size, penetration rates, and timing issues of market
context outlined in the business plan should link directly to the financial statements. - Income and cash flow statements must be
preceded by operational statements setting forth the primary planning assumptions about market sizes, sales, productivity, and basis for the revenue estimate.
Financial Link
- If the main purpose is to enact a harvest, then the business plan must create a value-adding deal structure to attract investors.
- Common things: viability, profit potential,
downside risk, likely life-cycle time, potential
areas for dispute or improvement
The Deal
Many businesses must have a business plan to achieve their goals. The following are some basic guidelines for business plan development.
General Business Plan Guidelines
- A standard format helps the reader understand that the entrepreneur has thought everything through, and that the returns justify the risk.
- Binding the document ensures that readers can easily go through it without it falling apart.
- Be 100% certain that:
* everything is completely integrated: the written part must say exactly the same thing as the financial part
* all financial statements are completely linked and valid (make sure all balance sheets validly balance)
* the document is well formatted (layout
makes document easy to read and comprehend—including all diagrams, charts, statements, and other additions)
* everything is correct (there are NO
spelling, grammar, sentence structure,
referencing, or calculation errors)
* the document easy to read andcomprehend because it is organized well with no unnecessary repetition
* all the necessary information is included
to enable readers to understand everything in your document
* the terms you use in your plan are clear
* if you use a percentage figure, you indicate to what it refers, otherwise the figure is completely useless to a reader.
* if your plan includes an international element, which currencies the costs, revenues, prices, or other values are quoted in
* credibility is both established and maintained
General Business Plan Guidelines
The business plan development process described next has been extensively tested with entrepreneurship students and has proven to provide the guidance entrepreneurs need to develop a business plan appropriate for their needs; a high-power business plan
Developing a High-Power Business Plan
There are six stages involved with developing a high-power business plan. These stages can be compared to a process for hosting a dinner for a few friends.
The Stages of Development
The Stages of Development
- Essential Initial Research Stage
- Business Model Stage
- Initial Business Plan Draft Stage
- Making the Business Plan Realistic Stage
- Making a Plan to Appeal to Stakeholders
- Finishing the Business Plan
- A host hoping to make a good impression with their anticipated guests might analyze the
situation at multiple levels to collect data on new alternatives for healthy ingredients, what
ingredients have the best prices and are most
readily available at certain times of year, the
new trends in party appetizers, what food
allergies the expected guests might have,
possible party themes to consider, and so on. - This stage of planning, the essential initial
research, is a necessary first step to better
understand the trends that will affect their
business and the decisions they must make to
lay the groundwork for, and to improve their
potential for success
Essential Initial Research Stage
- the host might construct a menu of items to
include with the meal along with a list of
decorations to order, music to play, and costume themes to suggest to the guests. The mix of these kinds of elements chosen by the host will play a role in the success of the party. - Inherent in any business plan is a description of the business model chosen by the entrepreneur as the one that they feel will best ensure success.
Business Model Stage
- is where the host rolls up his or her sleeves and begins to assemble make some of the food items, put up some of the decorations, send invitations, and generally get everything started for the party.
- involves taking the knowledge and ideas
developed during the first two stages and
organizing them into a business plan format.
Writing all of the operations, human resources, marketing, and financial plans as part of the first draft ensures that all of these parts can be appropriately and necessarily integrated
Initial Business Plan Draft Stage
- During this stage, the host will begin to realize that some plans are not feasible and that changes are needed. The required changes might be substantial, like the need to postpone the entire party and ultimately start over in a few months, or less drastic, like the need to change the menu when an invited guest indicates that they can’t eat food containing gluten. These changes are incorporated into the plan to make it realistic and feasible in the Making the Business Plan Realistic stage.
- The first draft of a business plan will almost
never be realistic. As the entrepreneur writes the plan, it will necessarily change as new
information is gathered. Another factor that
usually renders the first draft unrealistic is the
difficulty in making certain that the written part—in the front part of the plan along with the operations, human resources, and marketing plans—tells the exact same story as the financial part does. This stage of work involves making the necessary adjustments to the plan to make it as realistic as possible
Making the Business Plan Realistic Stage
The Making Business Plan Realistic stage has two possible feedback loops.
- The first goes back to the Initial Business Plan Draft stage in case the initial business plan needs to be significantly changed before it is possible to adjust it so that it is realistic.
- The second feedback loop circles back to the Business Model stage if the business developer need to rethink the business model.
involves further changes to the party plan to
make it more appealing to both the invited
guests and to make it a fun experience for the
host. For example, the host might learn that
some of the single guests would like to bring
dates and others might need to be able to bring their children to be able to attend. The host might be able to accommodate those desires or needs in ways that will also make the party more fun for them—maybe by accepting some guests’ offers to bring food or games, or maybe even hiring a babysitter to entertain and look after the children.
Making a Plan to Appeal to Stakeholders Stage
A business plan can be realistic without appealing to potential investors and other external stakeholders, like employees, suppliers, and needed business partners. It
might also be realistic (and possibly appealing to stakeholders) without being desirable to the entrepreneur. During this stage the entrepreneur will keep the business plan realistic as they adjust plans to appeal to potential investors and
to themselves.
MAKING PLAN APPEAL TO STAKEHOLDERS AND DESIRABLE TO THE ENTREPRENEUR
- The final stage—involves the host putting all of the final touches in place for the party in
preparation for the arrival of the guests. - The final stage involves putting all of the
important finishing touches on the business plan so that it will present well to potential investors and others. This involves making sure that the math and links between the written and financial parts are accurate. It also involves ensuring that all the needed corrections are made to the spelling, grammar, and formatting. The final set
of goals should be written to appeal to the target readers and to reflect what the business plan says. An executive summary should be written and included as a final step.
Finishing the Businessman Plan
General Business Plan Format
- Title Page
- Executive Summary
- Table of Contents
- List of Tables
- List of Tables
- List of Figures
- Introduction
- Business Idea
- Vision
- Mission
- Values
- Major Goals
Include nice, catchy, professional, appropriate
graphics to make it appealing for targeted
readers
Title Page
- Can be longer than normal executive
summaries, up to three pages - Write after remainder of plan is complete
- Includes information relevant to targeted readers as this is the place where they are most likely to form their first impressions of the business idea and decide whether they wish to read the rest of the plan
Executive Summary
Each table, figure, and appendix included in the plan must be referenced within the text of the plan so the relevance of each of these elements is clear.
List of Tables
- Describes the business concept
- Indicates the purpose of the plan
- Appeals to targeted readers
Introduction
May include description of history behind the
idea and the evolution of the business concept if relevant
Business Idea
- Generally outlines what the owner intends for the venture to be
- Should inspire all members of the organization
- Should help stakeholders aspire to achieve
greater things through the venture because of
the general direction provided through the vision statement
Vision
- Should be very brief—a few sentences or a
short paragraph - Indicates what your organization does and why it exists—may describe the business strategy and philosophy
Mission
- Indicates the important values that will guide
everything the business will do - Outlines the personal commitments members of the organization must make, and what they should consider to be important
- Defines how people behave and interact with each other.
- Should help the reader understand the type of culture and operating environment this business intends to develop
Values
- Describes the major organizational goals
- Ensures each goal is:
- Specific, Measurable, Action-Oriented, Realistic, and Timely [SMART]
- Realistic, Understandable, Measurable,
Believable, and Achievable [RUMBA] - Perfectly aligns with everything in plan
Major Goals
- Trend Analysis
- Industry Analysis
Operating Environment
- Includes an analysis of how the current and
expected trends in the political, economic,
social, technological, environmental, and legal
(PESTEL) factors will impact the development of this business - Consider whether this is the right place
for this analysis: it may be better positioned in, for example, the Financial Plan section to provide context to the analysis of the critical success factors, or in the Marketing Plan to help the reader understand the basis for the
sales projections
Trend Analysis