Nursing Care Of The Family Having Difficulty Conceiving A Child Flashcards
1
Q
Term used to describe the ability to conceive a child or sustain a pregnancy to birth
A
Fertility
2
Q
A couple is said to be infertile if they had not yet been pregnant for at least how many years?
A
At least 1 year of unprotected sex
3
Q
Other term for fertility
A
Fecundity
4
Q
Have the potential to conceive but are just less able to conceive
A
Subfertility
5
Q
Assessments for subfertility investigation:
A
- semen analysis
- ovulation monitoring
- tubal patency
6
Q
Deposition of sperm into a woman’s cervix or uterus
A
Alternative insemination
7
Q
The union of sperm and ovum under laboratory conditions
A
in vitro fertilization
8
Q
Is said to exist when a pregnancy has not occured after at least 1 year of engaging in unprotected coitus
A
Subfertility
9
Q
There have been no previous conceptions
A
Primary subfertility
10
Q
There has been a previous viable pregnancy but the couple is unable to conceive at present
A
Secondary subfertility
11
Q
Inability to conceive because of a known condition
A
Infertility
12
Q
Fertility assessment should be done in what span of age?
A
Not before 18 yrs old and not after 45 yrs old
13
Q
Is the best position for coitus to achieve conception because it places sperm closest to the cervical opening
A
Male-superior position
14
Q
Don’t use these after intercourse so that vaginal pH is unaltered w/c can interfere with sperm mobility
A
Douching or lubrication
15
Q
- A collection of fluid in the tunica vaginalis of the scrotum
- rarely associated with subfertility but should be documented if present
A
Hydrocele
16
Q
An increased rate indicates inflammation
A
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
17
Q
A test for thyroid function
A
Protein-bound iodine
18
Q
A serologic test for syphilis, HIV evaluation
A
Rubella titer
19
Q
Breast milk secretion
A
Galactorrhea
20
Q
Production of sperm cells
A
Spermatogenesis
21
Q
An act of giving birth
A
Parturition
22
Q
3 phases of parturition:
A
- Time of uterine preparedness for labor
- Time of forceful contraction of labor and delivery
- Time of puerperal contraction and delivery
23
Q
A woman in labor
A
Parturient
24
Q
Deep venous thrombus involving the lower extremities characterized by pain and white swelling in the affected area
A
Phlegmasia alba dolens
25
Abnormal adherrence to implantation site so that the chorionic villi are attached to myometrium
Placenta Accreta
26
Chorionic villi invade the myometrium
Placenta increta
27
Chorionic villi penetrate the myometrium
Placenta percreta
28
Placenta separated into 2 lobes and the umbilical cord
Placenta biparitta
29
Fetal surface of the placenta presents a central depression surrounded by thickened grayish white ring
Placenta circumvallate
30
Development of the placenta or its entirety is at the dilating zone of the uterus
Placenta previa
31
Cervical internal os is covered completely by placenta
Total or 4th degree placenta previa
32
Internal os is partially covered by placenta
Partial or 3rd degree placenta previa
33
Edge of the placenta is at the lower uterine segment
Marginal or 2nd degree placenta previa
34
Placenta is implanted at the lower uterine segment
Low-lying or 1st degree placenta previa
35
Placental anomally in w/c one or more accessory lobe is located at a distance from the main placenta
Placenta succenturiata
36
Intrauterine maneuver to convert a frank breech to a footling breech
Pinard maneuver
37
A woman who had given birth
Puerpera
38
Complete return of the degenerative organ to normal non-pregnant state covering a period of 6-8 weeks
Puerperium
39
Perception of a slight fluttering movement in the abdomen w/c gradually increases in intensity between 16-20 weeks after onset of the LMP
Quickening
40
What station is at the level of ischial spine?
Station 0
41
What station is above the ischial spine?
Station -1 to -5
42
What station is below the ischial spine?
Station +1 to +5
43
- Usually have one placenta, one chorion, two amnions and two umbilical cords
- always of the same sex
Single ovum twins
44
- have two placenta, chorions, amnions, and umbilical cords
- may be of the same or different sex
Double ova twins
45
Normal amniotic fluid volume
500 to 1000 ml
46
Occurs when there is an excess fluid of more than 2000 ml of amniotic fluid index above 24 cm.
Polyhydramnios
47
Refers to pregnancy with less than the average amount of amniotic fluid.
Oligohydramnios
48
Lungs that fail to develop
Hypoplastic lungs
49
Distorted features of the face
Potter Syndrome
50
A term pregnancy is how many weeks long?
38 to 42 weeks long
51
A pregnancy that exceeds 38 to 42 weeks is called?
Post term pregnancy
52
Occurs when an rh negative mother carries a fetus with rh positive blood type
Rh incompatibility
53
Sufficient transport of oxygen to the body cells cannot be maintained
Erythroblastocis fetalis
54
Blood transfusion that can be performed on the fetus in utero
Intrauterine transfusion
55
This is done by injecting red blood cells directly into a vessel in the fetal cord or depositing it in the fetal abdomen where they migrate into the fetal circulation
Amniocentesis technique
56
Major electrolytes that influence uterine contractions
Calcium, sodium, & potassium
57
Contractile proteins that influence uterine contractions
Actin, myosin, epinephrine, norepinephrine, oxytocin, estrogen, progesterone, & prostaglandins
58
Uterine contractions that is usually low or infrequent
Hypotonic contractions
59
Hypotonic contractions occur during what phase of labor?
Active phase of labor
60
Uterine contractions that are marked by an increase in resting tone to more than 15 mmHg
Hypertonic contractions
61
Tend to occur frequently and are most commonly seen in the latent phase of labor
Hypertonic contractions
62
Hypertonic contractions occur during what phase of labor?
Latent phase of labor
63
More than one pacemaker is initiating contractions or receptor points in the myometrium may be acting independently of the pacemaker
Uncoordinated contractions
64
Occur so closely together that they do not allow good cotyledon filling
Uncoordinated contractions
65
Dysfunction with the first stage of labor
1. Prolonged latent phase
2. Protracted active phase
3. Prolonged deceleration phase
66
The major dysfunction that can occur in the first stage of labor
Prolonged latent phase
67
Occur if the cervix is not "ripe" at the beginning of labor and time must be spent getting truly ready for labor
Prolonged latent phase
68
It may occur if there is an excessive use of analgesic early in labor
Prolonged latent phase
69
Usuallyy associated with fetal malposition or CPD
Protracted active phase
70
The diameter of the fetal head is usually larger than the diameter of the woman's pelvic diameters
Fetal malposition or CPD
71
Latent phase that is longer than 20 hrs in a nullipara or 14 hrs in a multipara
Prolonged latent phase
72
This phase is prolonged if cervical dilatation does not occur at a rate of at least 1.2 cm/hr in a nullipara or 1.5 cm/hr in a multipara or if the active phase last longer than 12 hrs in a primigravida or 6 hrs in a multigravida
Protracted active phase
73
May be prescribed to augment labor after an hour to show CPD is not present
Oxytocin
74
This phase becomes prolonged when it extend beyond 3 hrs in nullipara or 1 hr in multipara
Prolonged deceleration phase
75
Most often results from abnormal fetal head position
Prolonged deceleration phase
76
Has occured if there is no progress in cervical dilatation for longer than 2 hrs
Secondary arrest of dilatation
77
Dysfunction at the second stage of labor:
1. Prolonged descent
2. Arrest of descent
78
Occurs if the rate of descent is less than 1.0 cm/hr in a nullipara or 2.0 cm/hr in a multipara
Prolonged descent
79
It can be suspected if the second stage last over 2 hrs in a multipara
Prolonged descent
80
May be used to induce the uterus to contract effectively
IV Oxytocin
81
Used to speed descent:
- semi-Fowler's position
- kneeling
- more effective pushing
82
Results when no descent has occured for 2 hrs in nullipara or 1 hr in multipara.
Arrest of descent
83
Occurs when expected descent of the fetus does not begin engagement or movement to 0 station does not occur
Arrest of descent
84
CPD is the most likely cause for this during second stage of labor
Arrest of descent
85
2 types of contraction rings that occurs in a dysfunctional labor:
1. Constriction ring
2. Pathologic retraction ring (Bandl's ring)
86
A simple type that can occur at any point in the myometrium and at any time during labor
Constrition ring
87
Occurs at the junction of the upper and lower uterine segments
Pathologic retraction ring (Bandl's ring)
88
The ring usually appears as a horizontal identation across the abdomen
Pathologic retraction ring (Bandl's ring)
89
Usually caused by uncoordinated contractions
Pathologic retraction ring (Bandl's ring)
90
Cervical dilatation that occurs at the rate of 5 or more in a primipara or 10 cm or more in a multipara
Precipitate dilatation
91
- occurs when uterine contractions are so strong a woman gives birth with only a few rapidly occuring contractions
- often defined as a labor that is completed in a fewer than 3 hrs
Precipitate birth
92
Causes of bleeding that happens on the 1st and 2nd trimester
- threatened spontaneous miscarriage
- imminent inevitable miscarriage
- complete spontaneous miscarriage
- ectopic or tubal pregnancy
93
Causes of bleeding that happens on the 1st trimester
- missed miscarriage
- incomplete spontaneous miscarriage
94
Causes of bleeding that happens on the 2nd trimester
- gestational trophoblastic disease (hydatidiform mole)
- premature cervical dilatation
95
Causes of bleeding that happens on the 3rd trimester
- placenta previa
- premature separation of placenta or abruptio placentae
- pre term labor
96
Implantation of zygote at site other than the uterus associated with tubal constrictures
Ectopic or tubal pregnancy
97
Abnormal proliferation of trophoblastic cells, fertilization or division defect
Gestational trophoblastic disease (hydatidiform mole)
98
Cervix begins to dilate and follow and pregnancy is lost at about 20 weeks
Premature cervical dilatation
99
Tubal scarring is bilateral
Ectopic pregnancy
100
When retained trophoblast tissue may become malignant
Choriocarcinoma
101
Painless bleeding leading to expulsion of fetus
Premature cervical dilatation
102
Low implantation of placenta possibly because of uterine abnormality
Placenta previa
103
Painless bleeding as beginning of cervical dilatation
Placenta previa
104
Placenta separates from uterus before birth of fetus
Premature separation of placenta or abruptio placentae
105
Assessing a pregnant woman with hypovolemic shock
- confusion
- pallor
- increased pulse
- tachypnea
- decreased blood pressure
106
Is a medical term for any interruption of pregnancy before a fetus is viable
Abortion
107
It considered miscarriage when it is:
20 to 24 weeks gestation or one that weighs 500 g
108
Vaginal bleeding initially only scant and usually bright red
Threatened miscarriage
109
Slight cramping but no cervical dilatation is present
Threatened miscarriage
110
If uterine contractions and cervical dilation occur ad with cervical dilation, the loss of the products of conception cannot be halted
Imminent inevitable miscarriage
111
The entire product of conception or fetus, membranes or placenta are expelled spontaneously without any assistance
Complete miscarriage
112
Part of the conceptus/placenta is expelled but the membranes or placenta are retained in the uterus
Incomplete miscarriage
113
The fetus dies in the utero but is not expelled
Missed miscarriage
114
Women that had 3 spontaneous miscarriages that occurred at the same gestational age
Habitual aborters
115
Complications of miscarriage:
1. Hemorrhage
2. Infection
3. Septic abortion
4. Isoimmunization
5. Powerlessness or anxiety
6. Ectopic pregnancy
7. Gestational pregnancy
8. Gestational trophoblastic disease
9. Cervical insufficiency
10. Placenta previa
116
An abortion complicated by an infection
Septic abortion
117
If the fetus is Rh positive and the woman is Rh negative some blood enter into the maternal circulation enough to cause:
Isoimmunization
118
One of which implantation occured outside of uterine cavity (fallopian tube)
Ectopic pregnancy
119
If deceleration in the fetal heart rate, an abnormally long first stage of labor, lack of progress of pushing (2nd - stage arrest)
Cesarean section
