nursing care of children

Question 1

what psychosocial stage are toddlers in?

Answer 1

they are in autonomy versus shame and doubt: they are very independent and like routines

Question 2

what are temperature ranges for children?

Answer 2

3-6 months: 99.5 
1 year: 99.9
3 years: 99.0 
5 years: 98.6 
7 years: 98.2 
9-11 years: 98.1 
13 years: 97.9

Question 3

what are pulserate ranges in children?

Answer 3

newborn: 80-180 
1 week- 3 months: 120-180 
3 months-2 years: 70-150 
2-10 years: 60-110
10 years or older: 50-90

Question 4

what are respiration ranges in children?

Answer 4

newborn to 1 year: 30-60 respirations
1-2 years: 25-30 respirations
2-6 years: 21-25 respirations
6-12 years: 19-21
12 years and older: 16-19

Question 5

what is the babinski reflex and what age does it occur?

Answer 5

happens by stroking the outer edge of the sole of an infant’s foot up toward the toes. The infant’s toes then fan upward and out. This occurs between birth- 12 months of age

Question 6

What is the plantar grasp and what age does it occur?

Answer 6

happens by touching the sole of an infant’s foot. the infant’s toes curl downward. this occurs between birth to 8 months of age

Question 7

what is tonic neck and what age does it occur between?

Answer 7

happens by turning an infant’s head to one side. the infant extends the arm and leg on that side and flexes the opposite side. this occurs between birth to 3-4 months.

Question 8

what is moro reflex and what age does it occur between?

Answer 8

happens by allowing the head and trunk of an infant to fall backward to a 30 degree angle–> infant’s arms and legs will extend then abduct while fingers spread to form C shape. this occurs between birth to 4 months of age

Question 9

when does the anterior fontanels close?

Answer 9

anterior fontanels close by 12-18 months

Question 10

what should the tymphanic membrane look like?

Answer 10

tymphanic membrane should be pearly pink or gray

Question 11

how should the nurse assess a child that is <3’s ear?

Answer 11

if the child is <3, pull the ear down and back

Question 12

how should the nurse assess a child older than 3’s ear?

Answer 12

if the child is >3, pull the ear up and back

Question 13

how many teeth should children have by 1 year of age?

Answer 13

infants should have 6-8 teeth by 1 year of age

Question 14

what are most medications for children like?

Answer 14

most medications for children are weight based so you have to be very careful when calculating it

Question 15

when should kids start receiving oral medications?

Answer 15

PO meds should only be given starting at age 5 because they cannot reliably swallow pills until 5-6 years old

Question 16

how should IM medications be given to the child?

Answer 16

IM medications should be given at the vastus laterallis until child has been walking for 1 year, inject 0.5 mL for infants and 2 mL for children. If given at the deltoid, inject 1mL

Question 17

what is EMLA?

Answer 17

it is a numbing cream that should be applied 1 hour before injection. hold and love the baby after

Question 18

how can the nurse help promote swallowing of medications from the infant?

Answer 18

stroke infant under the chin to promote swallowing while holding cheeks together

Question 19

What is FLACC and what age group gets this assessment?

Answer 19

pain assessment that assesses behaviors of child by looking at their face, legs, activity, crying, and consolability

Question 20

how should pain medications be given?

Answer 20

1. avoid procedures in safe areas such as child’s bed or the play room
2. pain meds should be given routinely
3. combine nonopioid and an opioid medication to treat pain peripherally and centrally: this offers great analgesia with fewer adverse effects
4. IM injections are not recommended for pain control in children

Question 21

what is the oucher scale and what is the age range?

Answer 21

oucher scale shows photos of children from different racial and ethnic groups and is used for children between 3-13 years of age