Nursing Care of Acute Musculoskeletal Disorders Flashcards
Prevention of musculoskeletal disorders include
public education (helmets, seat belts, DUIs) and healthy bones, joints, muscles, diet and exercise
What laboratory tests would you assess for a pt with musculoskeletal disorder?
Serum ca, PO4 (phosphate), alk phos and CBC
What diagnostic tests would you assess for a pt with musculoskeletal disorder?
X-ray, CT, MRI, arthroscopy and bone scans
What other general assessment would you perform?
Inspection, palpation, gait analysis, use of assistive devices (canes, walkers, splints) and ROM
What general s/sx would you see?
Pain, deformity (abnormal angles), swelling, loss of motor function and change in sensory fxn
Bruise without skin break is known as
Contusion
What is a strain?
Excessive stretching of a muscle or tendon when it is weak or unstable
How would you manage a strain?
Cold and heat applications, exercise and activity limitations, anti-inflammatory drugs, muscle relaxants and possible surgery
What is a sprain?
Excessive stretching of a ligament
How would you manage a sprain?
1st degree: rest, ice for 24 to 48 hrs, compression bandage and elevation
2nd degree: immobilization, partial weight bearing as tear heals
3rd degree: immobilization for 4 to 6 weeks, possible surgery
What is crush syndrome?
Can occur when leg or arm injury includes multiple compartments. It is characterized by acute compartment syndrome, hypovolemia, hyperkalemia, rhabdomyolosis and acute tubular necrosis
What is the treatment for crush syndrome?
Adequate intervenous fluids, low dose dopamine, sodium bicarbonate, kayexalate and hemodialysis
In an emergent situation, what would you assess for a pt in trauma?
Respiratory distress, bleeding and head injury
Discontinuity or a break in the bone is known as
general bone fracture
Temporary displacement of two bones and loss of contact between articular cartilage is known as
dislocation
What is sublaxation?
Contact between articular surfaces is only partially lost
Dislocation and sublaxation are associated with what?
Fractures, muscle imbalance, rheumatoid arthritis, or other forms of joint instability