Nursing Assessment: Cardiovascular System

Question 1

The amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in 1 minute

Answer 1

Cardiac output

Question 2

CO divided by body surface area

Answer 2

Cardiac index

Question 3

Normal range for CO

Answer 3

4-8 L/min

Question 4

Normal range for cardiac index

Answer 4

2.8-4.2 L/min/m^2

Question 5

Contraction of myocardium

Answer 5

Systole

Question 6

Relaxation of myocardium

Answer 6

Diastole

Question 7

Amount of blood ejected with each heart beat

Answer 7

Stroke Volume

Question 8

Volume of blood in ventricles at the end of diastole

Answer 8

Preload

Question 9

Peripheral resistance against which the left ventricle must pump

Answer 9

Afterload

Question 10

The heart’s ability to respond to changing demands for cardiac output (Ex. Increased HR)

Answer 10

Cardiac reserve

Question 11

The difference b/w SBP and DBP equals what?

Ex. increase with exercise, decrease with cardiac failure

Answer 11

Pulse Pressure

Question 12

Th perfusion pressure felt by organs

Answer 12

MAP

Question 13

What is the formula for MAP?

Answer 13

(SBP+2DBP) divided by 3

Question 14

What MAP is necessary to sustain vital organs?

Answer 14

60

Question 15

The following are considered to be what type of data? Health information, past health history, history of illness, past and current meds, surgery or other treatment & functional health patters such as exercise

Answer 15

Subjective Data

Question 16

The following are considered to be what type of data? Physical exam, vitals, peripheral vascular system: inspection, palpation, auscultation

Answer 16

Objective Data

Question 17

What is the normal reduction of mmHg in SBP from lying to standing?

Answer 17

15 mmHg

Question 18

What is the normal reduction of mmHg in DBP from lying to standing?

Answer 18

3-5 mmHg

Question 19

HR should not increase by how many beats from supine to standing?

Answer 19

20 beats/min

Question 20

BP in both arms may normally vary by how many mmHg?

Answer 20

5-15 mmHg

Question 21

BP in the lower extremities should be how many mmHg higher than the upper extremities?

Answer 21

10 mmHg

Question 22

When assessing the CV system what 3 things should be inspected?

Answer 22

skin color, hair distribution & venous pattern

Question 23

When assessing the CV system what 4 things should be palpated?

Answer 23

The UE & LE for temp, moisture, pulses & edema

Question 24

A vessel wall that is narrowed or bulging and vibrate s

Answer 24

A thrill

Question 25

Pulse that feels like a tap

Answer 25

Normal pulse

Question 26

What is done to assess capillary refill?

Answer 26

Place hands on level of heart; squeeze nail bed to produce blanching

Question 27

Normal time of capillary refill

Answer 27

Less than 3 seconds

Question 28

Distended neck veins may mean what?

Answer 28

Elevated right arterial pressure

Question 29

Inadequate O2 saturation due to pulmonary or cardiac disorders

Answer 29

Central cyanosis

Question 30

Reduced blood flow because of heart failure, vasoconstriction or cold environment

Answer 30

Peripheral Cyanosis

Question 31

Clubbing of nail beds could be a sign of what?

Answer 31

Prolonged O2 deficiency

Question 32

Color changes in extremities with postural change

Answer 32

Decreased arterial perfusion of poor venous return

Question 33

What can incompetent valves in veins cause?

Answer 33

Varicose Veins

Question 34

Inadequate venous return or arterial perfusion most commonly found in the periphery of the extremities can cause what?

Answer 34

Ulcers

Question 35

Anxiety, fever, anemia, hyperthyroidism can increase what vital sign?

Answer 35

Pulse

Question 36

How can blood loss & decreased cardiac output effect pulse?

Answer 36

Makes pulse thready

Question 37

Atherosclerosis, thrombus and emboli cause pulse to be..?

Answer 37

Absent

Question 38

How do cardiac dysrhythmias effect pulse?

Answer 38

It can make it irregular

Question 39

Pulse >100

Answer 39

Tachycardia

Question 40

Pulse <60

Answer 40

Bradycardia

Question 41

The 5 P's

Answer 41

Pain, Pallor, Pulselessness, Paresthesia & Paralysis