Nursing as Science

Question 1

• A systematic, creative approach to thinking and doing that nurses use to obtain, categorize and analyze patient data and to plan actions to meet patient needs”.

Answer 1

Nursing Process

Question 2

• “A type of problem solving process requiring the use of decision making, clinical judgment and variety of critical thinking skills”.

Answer 2

Nursing Process

Question 3

• “The mental activity of identifying a problem (unsatisfactory state) and finding a reasonable solution to it. Requires decision making; may or may not require the use of critical thinking”.

Answer 3

Problem solving

Question 4

• Goal-oriented, purposeful thinking that involves many mental attitudes and skills, such as determining which data are relevant and making inferences. Essential when a problem is ill defined and does have a single ‘best solution”.

Answer 4

Critical Thinking

Question 5

• “The process of choosing the best action to take action most likely to produce the desired outcome. Involves deliberation, judgment, and choice. Decision must be made whenever there are mutually exclusive choices, but not necessarily problems”.

Answer 5

Decision Making

Question 6

• “Logical thinking that links thoughts together in meaningful ways. Clinical reasoning is reflective, concurrent and creative thinking about patients and patient care”.

Answer 6

Clinical Reasoning

Question 7

• “The use of values or other criteria to evaluate or W draw conclusion about information”.

Answer 7

Clinical Judgment

Question 8

“_____are conclusions and opinions about patient’s health, drawn from patient data. They may or may not be made using critical thinking “.

Answer 8

Clinical Judgment

Question 9

• The process of breaking down materials into component parts and identifying the relationship among them”.

Answer 9

Analysis

Question 10

• “Is the questioning applied to a situation or idea to determine essential information and ideas and discard superfluous information and ideas”.

Answer 10

Critical analysis

Question 11

• “The art of thinking about your thinking while you are thinking so as to make your thinking more clear, precise, accurate, relevant, consistent and fair”.
(Paul, 1988)

Answer 11

Critical analysis

Question 12

“Is a method of problem identification and problem solving”.

Gordon, 1994

Answer 12

NURSING PROCESS

Question 13

“Is a key systematic method for taking independent nursing action”. (Ralph & Taylor, 2014)

Answer 13

NURSING PROCESS

Question 14

▪ Framework for providing specific nursing care to individuals, families and communities.

▪ Orderly and systematic

▪ Interdependent

Answer 14

NURSING PROCESS (AACN, 2008)

Question 15

▪ Patient centered using patient’s strengths

▪ Appropriate for use throughout life span

▪ Can be used in all settings

Answer 15

NURSING PROCESS (AACN, 2008)

Question 16

▪ Covert data
▪ Symptoms
▪ Not measurable

▪ Can be obtained only from what the client tells the nurse

▪ Include client’s thoughts, beliefs, feelings, sensation, perception of self, health.

Answer 16

SUBJECTIVE DATA

Question 17

“Data from significant others and other health professionals may also be ______ if they consist of opinion and perception rather than fact”.

Answer 17

subjective

Question 18

• Can be detected by someone other than the client

* Observation and examination of the client

Answer 18

OBJECTIVE DATA

Question 19

SOURCES OF DATA:

the client

Answer 19

Primary data

Question 20

SOURCES OF DATA:

Significant others

Answer 20

Secondary data

Question 21

SOURCES OF DATA:

Other health care providers

Answer 21

Secondary data

Question 22

SOURCES OF DATA:

Client’s written record, past and present hospitalization

Answer 22

Secondary data

Question 23

• During every NPI (nurse-patient interaction)

• Focus assessment
• Specific problem, activities, behavior
• To identify new problems
• To evaluate outcomes achievement and problem resolution

Answer 23

Ongoing assessment

Question 24

• Admission assessment
• Database assessment
• Comprehensive assessment
• Can include focus assessment

• To make initial problem list
To determine the need for care

Answer 24

Initial assessment

Question 25

WHAT IS THE DATA COLLECTION METHOD?

Answer 25

1. OBSERVATION
2. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION (inspection, auscultation, percussion, palpation)
3. Nursing Interview

Question 26

3 TYPES OF NURSING INTERVIEW

Answer 26

1. Purposeful, focused interaction
2. Directive interview
3. Nondirective interview

Question 27

• To obtain subjective data about the effects of the illness on patient’s daily functioning and ability to cope
• To obtain subjective data for nursing health history

Answer 27

Purposeful, focused interaction

Question 28

• Highly structured, controlled by nurse

* To obtain specific factual information (eg, age, sex, analysis of symptoms)

Answer 28

Directive interview

Question 29

• Allow patient to control and to express
• Time consuming
• Promote communication and rapport

Answer 29

Nondirective interview

Question 30

COMPONENT OF NURSING HEALTH HISTORY

Answer 30

• Biographical data 
• Chief complaint (reason for visit) 
• History of present illness 
• Past health status 
• Review of system and effects on functioning 
• Social and family history 
• Lifestyle, habits, daily living patterns 
• Spiritual well-being 
• Psychological data 
Perception of health status and illness

Question 31

The act of “double-checking” or verifying data in order to:

Answer 31

1. to ensure complete, accurate and factual information
2. to eliminate nurse’s own biases, errors and misperceptions of the data
3. to avoid jumping to faulty conclusion, premature closure

Question 32

A nurse must validate data when:

Answer 32

1. Subjective and objective data, interview, physical examination do not agree.
2. The client’s statements differs times in the assessment
3. The data seem extremely abnormal.
4. Factors are present that interfere with accurate measurement.