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Nursing 2005: Clinical Pathophysiology > Nursing 2005: Intro to Pathophysiology > Flashcards

Nursing 2005: Intro to Pathophysiology Flashcards

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0
Q

“Physio”

A

Study of specific characteristics

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1
Q

“Patho”

A
  • suffering/disease

- The study of the body

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2
Q

Pathophysiology

A
  • disorders or breakdown of body function

- mechanisms of disease

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3
Q

Disease

A
  • disruption of homeostasis (balance and body regulation)
  • function is affected depending on:
    Ex: age, health, genetic background
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4
Q

Epidemiology

A

Study of cause and distribution of disease in a population

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5
Q

What are the 2 types of epidemiology?

A
  1. Mortality

2. Mobility

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6
Q

Mortality

A

Disease related death

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7
Q

Mobility

A

Disease occurrence

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8
Q

What are the 2 types of morbitity?

A
  1. Incidence

2. Prevelance

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9
Q

Incidence

A

Rate or number of disease

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10
Q

Prevalence

A

Total number of diseases

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11
Q

What are the factors of disease?

A
  1. Age
    Ex: newborns and elderly
  2. Ethnicity
    Ex: ethnicity related diseases
    - cystic fibrosis = white people
  3. Gender
    Ex: men = prostate cancer vs women = breast cancer
  4. Socioeconomic factors and lifestyles
    - socio eco ex: poverty, malnutrition, sanitation, water quality, quantity
    - Lifestyle ex: diet, exercise, smoke, alcohol
  5. Geographic location
    Ex: Africa = malaria
    Humid areas in south = fungal infections
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12
Q

Framework for patho

A
  1. Etiology
  2. Pthogenesis
  3. Clinical manifestations
  4. Treatment
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13
Q
  1. Etiology
A

Cause/reaction of disease

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14
Q

Classifications of etiology:

A. Inherited

A

Altered of a gene mutation

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15
Q

B. congenital

A

Present at birth d/t prenatal influence

Ex: virus, chemicals

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16
Q

C. Infectious

A

D/t microorganism

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17
Q

D. Degenerative

A

Loss of structure or body function

Ex: joint disorder

18
Q

E. neoplastic

A
  • tumor
  • cancer
  • malignant/benign
19
Q

F. Immunological

A

Abnormal immune response

Ex: allergies d/t over sensitivity
Lupus, renal

20
Q

G. Metabolic

A
  • enzyme deficiency

- diabetes

21
Q

H. Nutritional

A
  • deficiency
  • decrease RBC, folic acid
  • r/t diet
22
Q

I. Psychogenic

A

Emotional state

Ex: stress = decreased immune system, ulcer

23
Q

J. Iatrogenic

A
  • Treatment causes health conditions
  • surgery, invasive procedures

Ex: chemo = decreased immune response

24
Q

K. Idiopathic

A

Unknown

Ex: hypertension = no known cause, could be a combination

25
Q
  1. Pathogensis
A
  • occurrence of body after exposure = symptoms
  • development of disease
  • factor of pathogenesis
26
Q

Factors of pathogenesis

A
  1. Time
    - how long pt had disease
  2. Amount/quantity
    - how much
  3. Location
    - what part of body d/t conditions can vary
  4. Morphological changes
    - changes in structure and function of cell depending where it is
27
Q
  1. Clinical manifestations

A. Symptoms

A

Subjective feelings of the disease by the pt

Ex: nausea, fatigue

28
Q

B. signs

A

Objective
- things you see

Ex: increased temp, vomit

29
Q

C. Syndrome

A
  • collection of different s/s that occur for specific disease
  • vary d/t stage and nature of disease
30
Q

Stages of disease

  1. Latent period
A
  • NO s/s

* - interval of exposure can be short/long depending on the disease

31
Q
  1. Incubation period
A

Infection

*- can be long/short term

32
Q
  1. Prodomal period
A
  • 1st s/s of disease
  • very vague
  • not all have this period

Ex: headache

33
Q
  1. Subclincal stage
A

Pt has disease but NO s/s

Ex: kidney disease

34
Q
  1. Acute phase
A

Disease reaches full intensity

35
Q
  1. Convalescence
A

S/s of recover

36
Q
  1. Exacerbation
A

Sudden increase of s/s or severity

37
Q
  1. Remission
A
  • Decrease of disease

- if permanent = cure

38
Q

Nature of disease

  1. Acute
A
  • Severe manifestations
  • Short
  • Treatable

Ex: cold

39
Q
  1. Chronic
A
  • last >6 months - lifetime
  • s/s vary daily
  • goal is to manage symptoms

Ex. Diabetes, cancer, hypertension

40
Q

Implications for treatment: levels of prevention

  1. Primary
A

Prevent altering exposure and susceptibility

Ex: safe sex

41
Q
  1. Secondary
A

Early detection

Ex: physical exam, self breast examination

42
Q
  1. Tertiary
A

Medics, interventions for advanced disease

Ex: radiation, physical therapy, surgery

Nursing 2005: Clinical Pathophysiology (9 decks)

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