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Nursing > Nursing > Flashcards

Nursing Flashcards

1
Q

Heart Rate (Adult)

A

80-100 bpm

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2
Q

Respiratory Rate (Adult)

A

12-20 rpm

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3
Q

Blood Pressure (Adult)

A

110-120 / 60 mmHg

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4
Q

Temperature (Adult)

A

37 .C / 98.6 .F

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5
Q

White Blood Cells

A

45,00-11,000 per mm3

High = Infection (Leukocytosis)
Low = Low immunity (Leukopenia)

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6
Q

Platelets

A

150,000-400,000 per mm3

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7
Q

PTT

A

30-40

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8
Q

INR

A

0.9-1.2

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9
Q

Red Blood Cells

A

4.5-5.0 million per mm3

High = Dehydration
Low = Anemia, Renal Failure

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10
Q

Hemoglobin

A

Female: 12-16 gm
Male: 14-18 gm

Risky = 8-11
Heaven/Blood transfusion: 0-7

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11
Q

Hematocrit

A

Female: 37-47
Male: 40-54

High = Dehydration
Low = Bleeding, Anemia, Malnutrition

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12
Q

Sodium

A

135-145 mEq

High = Big and bloated
Low = Low and slow

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13
Q

Potassium

A

34-45 mEq/L

Pumps the heart muscles

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14
Q

Calcium

A

9.0-10.5 mEq/L

Calcium contracts muscles

Reciprocal relationship with phosphorus
- High Ca = High PO4 (vice versa)

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15
Q

Phosphorus

A

3.0-4.5 mg/dL

Reciprocal relationship with calcium
- High Ca = High PO4 (vice versa)

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16
Q

Magnesium

A

1.3-2.1 mEq/L

Magnesium mellows muscles

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17
Q

Chloride

A

97-107

Helps maintain acide base balance

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18
Q

Partial Carbon Dioxide

A

35-45 mEq/L

Maintain acid base balance

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19
Q

Bicarbonate

A

22-26 mEq/L

Pushes the body into an alkalotic state

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20
Q

BUN

A

BUN: 10-20

High = Dehydration

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21
Q

Creatinine

A

<1.3

High = Kidney injury

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22
Q

Glucose

A

70-100

High = >120 (uncontrolled DM)
Low = <60 (Deadly)

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23
Q

Heart Rate (Fetal)

A

120-160 bpm

Variability: 6 – 10 bpm

24
Q

Amniotic Fluid

A

500 – 1200 ml

25
Q

Contractions Frequency

A

2 – 5 minutes apart with duration of < 90 seconds and intensity of <100 mmHg.

26
Q

Age Range for Infant

A

0–18 months.

27
Q

Age Range for Toddlers

A

1-3 years

28
Q

Age Range for Adolescence

A

10–19 years

29
Q

Development: 2-3 months

A

Able to turn head up, and can turn side to side. Makes cooing or gurgling noises and can turn head to sound.

30
Q

Development: 4-5 months

A

Grasps, switch and roll over tummy to back. Can babble and can mimic sounds.

31
Q

Development: 6-7 months

A

Sits at 6 and waves bye-bye. Can recognize familiar faces and knows if someone is a stranger. Passes things back and forth between hands.

32
Q

Development: 8 – 9 Months

A

Stands straight at eight, has favorite toy, plays peek-a-boo.

33
Q

Development: 10 – 11 Months

A

Belly to butt.

34
Q

Development: 12-13 Months

A

Twelve and up, drinks from a cup. Cries
when parents leave, uses furniture to cruise.

35
Q

APGAR Scoring

A

Appearance, Pulses, Grimace, Activity, Reflex Irritability.

Done at 1 and 5 minutes with a score of:
- 0 for absent
- 1 for decreased
- 2 for strongly positive.
- < 3 are critically low
- 4 to 6 fairly low
- > 7 are generally normal

36
Q

Ethical Principles

A
  1. Autonomy
    All by myself
    Right to make his or her own decisions
    E.g Patient have the rights to refuse treatment
  2. Beneficence
    Benefit
    Doing good
    E.g Holding hospice patient’s hand
  3. Nonmaleficence
    Non = non,
    Mal = bad
    Do no harm (intentional or unintentional)
    E.g Not administer paracetamol for patient with paracetamol allergy
  4. Justice
    Just want Fair care
    Equal care
    E.g Providing equal care to all patients regardless of their background
  5. Veracity
    Very honest
    Obligation to tell the truth
    E.g Telling patient side effects of medication when asked
  6. Fidelity
    Faithful
    Keep promises and remain loyal
    E.g Bring lunch to you in 15 minutes
37
Q

Leadership

A

Influencing others to achieve goals.

38
Q

Management

A

Directing tasks to achieve objectives.

39
Q

Leadership and management theories

A
  1. Charismatic: Leaders inspire and influence through personality and vision.
  2. Quantum: Balances tension and order, fostering creativity amidst change.
  3. Relational: Focuses on collaboration and teamwork within a group.
  4. Servant: Leaders serve others, prioritizing their needs and well-being.
  5. Shared: Leadership is distributed among multiple individuals to achieve goals.
  6. Transactional: Based on rewards and punishments, emphasizing structure and performance.
  7. Transformational: Inspires change through a shared vision and motivates individuals to exceed personal goals.
40
Q

Leader and manager approaches

A
  1. Authoritarian: Centralized decision-making and control.
  2. Bureaucratic: Policy-driven leadership.
  3. Democratic: Group participation in decision-making.
  4. Laissez-Faire: Minimal guidance; group-driven decisions.
  5. Situational: Adapts style based on circumstances.
  6. Servant Leadership: Prioritizes team needs and development.
  7. Transformational: Relationship-building and motivation.
41
Q

Power

A

The ability to influence others and control actions to achieve goals.

42
Q

Types of Power

A
  1. Coercive: Ability to punish.
  2. Expert: Based on expertise and skills.
  3. Informational: Power through providing explanations and justifications.
  4. Legitimate: Based on position or role.
  5. Personal: Derived from self-confidence.
  6. Reward: Ability to provide incentives.
  7. Referent: Based on attraction, loyalty, and respect.
43
Q

Change

A

Change is a dynamic process that leads to an alteration in behavior.

44
Q

Types of Change

A
  1. Planned Change: Intentional efforts aimed at improving a situation.
  2. Unplanned Change: Reactive responses to disruptions, often beneficial but sometimes unnoticed.
45
Q

Factors for Resistance to Change

A
  1. Lack of understanding about change
  2. Energy and effort required
  3. No guarantee of positive outcomes
46
Q

Reasons for Resistance of Change

A
  1. Conformity: Follow along with others to avoid conflict
  2. Dissimilar Beliefs and Values: Differences hindering change
  3. Habit: Difficulty breaking routines
  4. Secondary Gains: Benefits from the current state discourage change
  5. Threats to Basic Needs: Perceived risks to self-esteem, security, or survival
  6. Fear: Fear of failure or the unknown
47
Q

Lewis Change Process

A
  1. Unfreezing: Identify the problem and gather evidence to justify change.
  2. Moving and Changing: Plan and implement the change.
  3. Refreezing: Stabilize and solidify the change.
48
Q

Types of Conflict

A
  1. Intrapersonal: Within an individual.
  2. Interpersonal: Between clients, nurses, or staff members.
  3. Organizational: Between an employee and organizational policies or procedures.
49
Q

Modes of Conflict Resolution

A
  1. Avoidance:
    Unassertive and uncooperative.
    No resolution, issue is ignored.
  2. Accommodation:
    Unassertive but cooperative.
    Others’ needs are prioritized over personal goals, often leading to resentment.
  3. Competition:
    Assertive but uncooperative.
    Personal needs are prioritized over others.
  4. Compromise:
    Moderately assertive and cooperative.
    Both sides give up something for mutual agreement.
    Best for quick resolutions where both sides gain partial satisfaction
  5. Collaboration:
    Highly assertive and highly cooperative.
    Both sides work together to achieve a mutually satisfying outcome.
    Best for complex or highly important issues requiring long-term solutions.
50
Q

Five Rights of Delegation

A
  1. Right Person - based on scope of practice and experience
    2 . Right Task - based on scope of practice and experience.
  2. Right Circumstances
  3. Right Communication/Direction - ensure understanding.
  4. Right Supervision/Evaluation - supervise and provide feedback
51
Q

Assignment and Task Distribution by Role

A
  1. Unlicensed Assistive Personnel (UAP):
    Routine tasks, no assessments
    Perform noninvasive tasks (e.g., hygiene, grooming, ambulation).
  2. Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN)/Vocational Nurse (VN):
    Stable clients.
    Perform tasks APs can, plus invasive procedures (e.g., dressing changes, suctioning, catheterization, medication administration).
  3. Registered Nurse (RN):
    Stable and unstable clients.
    Perform tasks of LPNs/VNs, plus assessment, planning, IV medication administration, and teaching initiation.
52
Q

FEMA disaster management phases

A
  1. Mitigation: Actions to prevent or reduce disaster impact.
  2. Preparedness: Creating plans for response, training staff, and ensuring resource availability.
  3. Response: Implementing plans to save lives and prevent damage.
  4. Recovery: Returning to normalcy, restoring health, and addressing psychological effects.
53
Q

FEME Level of Disaster

A

Level I: Massive, requiring federal involvement.
Level II: Moderate, with federal assistance.
Level III: Minor, requiring minimal federal response.

54
Q

Triage: Primary and Secondary

A

Primary Assessment: Focuses on life-threatening issues (ABC: Airway, Breathing, Circulation).

Secondary Assessment: Identifies other issues after initial treatment.

55
Q

Triage Classification

A
  1. Emergent (Red): Life-threatening, immediate attention.
  2. Urgent (Yellow): Serious but not life-threatening, treat within hours.
  3. Nonurgent (Green): Minor injuries, can wait.
  • Triage classification may include Black for deceased victims.

Nursing (1 decks)

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