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Nursing 102: Mobility > Nursing 102: Mobility > Flashcards

Nursing 102: Mobility Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the potential complications of Immobility?

A 
Atelectasis
Hypostatic Pneumonia
DVT
VTE
Pressure Sores (decubitis ulcers)
Foot Drop
Joint Stiffness/Restrictive Movement
Weakness
Muscle Atrophy
Osteoporosis
Increased Risk of Fracture
Increased level of Ca in blood in urine
Overflow Incontinence
Urinary Calculi (bladder or kidney stone)
Indigestion
Heartburn
Constipation
Fecal Impaction
Depression
Insomnia
Bone Loss
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2
Q

_____ and _____ are in the same category

A

Beds and Graves

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3
Q

Results from fluid collection in the dorsal region of the lungs in bedridden or elderly confined to a supine position for extended periods

A

Hypostatic Pneumonia

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4
Q

Collapse of lung tissue with loss of volume

A

Atelectasis

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5
Q

Consists of muscles, ligaments, tendons and cartilage

A

Muscular System

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6
Q

Consists of bones and joints

A

Skeletal System

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7
Q

Work together to support body weight, control movements, and provide stability, allows gross and fine motor movement, works collectively with the circulatory and nervous systems

A

Muscular and Skeleton systems

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8
Q

Store nutrients, produce blood cells

A

Bones

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9
Q

Provides Oxygen, calcium and other nutrients to strengthen bones; transports electrolytes needed for muscle movements

A

Blood

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10
Q

Innervate muscles to provide the electrical stimulus needed to initiate contraction

A

Nerves

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11
Q

Can have a detrimental effect on an individual’s ability to perform ADLs, communicate and participate in recreational activities

A

Alterations in musculoskeletal integrity

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12
Q

Common source of frustration and pain for individuals with musculoskeletal dysfunction or injury

A

Impaired Mobility

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13
Q

How many bones are in the adult human skeleton?

A

206

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14
Q

Consists of ribs, sternum, vertebral column, skull

A

Axial Skeleton

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15
Q

Consists of pectoral girdle, upper limbs, pelvic girdle, lower limbs

A

Appendicular Skeleton

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16
Q

Forms body structure, supports soft tissues, protects vital organ, provides point of attachment for muscles, stores minerals, forms blood cells

A

Skeleton

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17
Q

Three types of muscle

A

Skeletal
Smooth
Cardiac

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18
Q

How many skeleton muscles are there?

A

640

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19
Q

Under voluntary control by the nervous system, critical for physical mobility, attach to bone via tendons

A

Skeletal Muscles

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20
Q

Causes movement of skeletal bones

A

Skeletal muscle contraction

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21
Q

Formed where two bones meet, hold skeleton together and provide mobility

A

Joints

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22
Q

composed of differing amounts of collagen fibers, proteoglycan matrix, fibroblasts, chondroblasts and other structural components

A

Connective Tissues

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23
Q

Connect bones to other bones, strengthen and stabilize joints, may limit the mobility of some joints

A

Ligaments

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24
Q

Connect bones to muscles, carry contractile forces from the muscle to the bone to cause movement

A

Tendons

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25
Q

Flexible connective tissue found throughout the body, connects structures; does not contain blood vessels

A

Cartilage

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26
Q

Systems that can be affected by mobility issues

A 
Musculoskeletal 
Nervous 
Digestive 
Integumentary
Cardiovascular
Respiratory
Urinary
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27
Q

Common conditions that cause alterations in mobility

A 
Back problems
Fractures
Multiple Sclerosis
Osteoarthritis
Parkinson Disease
Spinal Cord Injuries
Joint Disorders
Trauma
28
Q

Causes of back problems

A 
Persistent straining
Bad posture
Improper lifting
Poor physical fitness
Obesity
Trauma
Degenerative disorders
Muscle irritation
Pregnancy
29
Q

Break in the continuity of bone

A

Fractures

30
Q

Factors that affect the severity of a fracture

A

Nature of the event

Strength of the bone

31
Q

Common causes of fractures

A 
Falls
Blunt trauma
MVA
Child Abuse
Repetitive Forces (running)
32
Q

Screenings to detect musculoskeletal disorders

A

Bone density scans - to detect osteoporosis in older adults
Spinal screenings -identify scoliosis in school-aged children
Genetic Testing - family history of genetic disorders

33
Q

Stretching or tearing of LIGAMENTS

A

Sprain

34
Q

Stretching or tearing of a MUSCLE or TENDON

A

Strain

35
Q

Sprains and strains are usually treated with ______

A 
R.I.C.E
Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevation
Mild pain relievers
36
Q

Severe sprains and strains may meed to be treated with _____.

A

Surgery

Physical Therapy

37
Q

Autoimmune disorder that destroys the myelin sheath around nerves, disrupts transmission of nerve impulses, impairs brain’s ability to communicate with the rest of the body

A

Multiple Sclerosis

38
Q

Symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis

A 
Sensory and Motor disturbances
alterations in bladder/bowel control
Can last days/weeks/months
No specific test available
Diagnosed when other conditions are ruled out.
39
Q

Degeneration of cartilage an bone in a joint/normal process of aging due to wear and tear on a joint

A

Osteoarthritis

40
Q

Central nervous system (CNS) disorder caused by degeneration of neurons that produce the neurotransmitter dopamine

A

Parkinson Disease

41
Q

Medical emergencies that may result in permanent disability or paralysis

A

Spinal Cord Injuries

42
Q

May affect arms, legs and trunk, may also affect breathing muscles

A

Cervical spinal injury

43
Q

Usually affect the legs; may cause loss of bladder/bowel control

A

Thoracic and lumbar sacral injury

44
Q

Joint disorder that affects chewing and talking

A

Temporomandibular joint syndrome (TMJ)

45
Q

Inflammation of the tendon

A

Tendonitis

46
Q

Inflammation of the synovial membrane

A

Synovitis

47
Q

Inflammation of the bursa

A

Bursitis

48
Q

Types of joint disorders that may affect the hands and wrist

A

Effusion (presence of excess fluid)
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Dupuytren’s contracture (thickening and contracture of tissue beneath the skin of the palm and fingers)
Carpal Tunnel syndrome

49
Q

Types of joint disorders of the foot

A

Gout (buildup of uric acid)
Bunions (lateral deviation of the great toe)
Club Foot
Hammertoe

50
Q

Risk Factors for alterations in mobility

A

Increasing Age

Genetic Mutations

51
Q

Essential for preventing many bone, muscle and joint problems

A

Healthy lifestyle habits

52
Q

Helps maintain strong bones and provide necessary ions for muscle contraction and nerve transmission

A

Good nutrition and adequate calcium intake

53
Q

Stimulates the body to build muscle strength and deposit minerals in bones, maintain flexibility in joints and prevent the development or worsening of some joint disorders

A

Regular exercise

54
Q

Certain conditions that can limit mobility or cause immobility

A

Chronic back pain
Osteoarthritis
trauma

55
Q

Conditions that can be caused by limited mobility or immobility

A

Constipation
Pressure ulcers
depression

56
Q

Concepts related to mobility include _____

A 
Collaboration
Comfort
Health, Wellness, Illness and Injury
Mood and Affect
Safety
Stress and Coping
57
Q

Gather information to determine whether or not the patient is experiencing dysfunction

A

Mobility Nursing Assessment

58
Q

Primary manifestations of musculoskeletal disroders

A

Pain and limited mobility

59
Q

How does a patient move or ambulate?
note balance, posture, indication(s) of weakness, characteristics of gait, fluidity of movement, weight-bearing status, current use (or lack of use) of assistive devices, visible signs or voiced complaints of pain (grimacing, moaning, guarding, wincing)

A

Observation

60
Q

Activity level, physical capabilities/limitations, use of assistive devices, past medical /surgical history, current medications, occupation, recreational activities, presence of pain, location, onset, severity, description, aggrevating/alleviating factors, degree of physical limitation, pharm, non-pharm treatments, complimentary therapies

A

What nurse should address during patient interview

61
Q

Inspection and palpation of bones, joints, muscles to note deformities, edema, tenderness, pain, ROM using a goniometer

A

Focused assessment for mobility

62
Q

Pain
Pulse
Pallor (color of skin, redness, pale, etc)
Parathesia (numbness, tingling)
Paralysis(loss of feeling)/paresis (muscle weakness)

A

The 5 P’s of Neurovascular Assessment

63
Q

No tenderness, pain or musculoskeletal deformities
No swelling, warmth, inflammation, crepitis, clicking or popping noises in joints
No evidence of lost cartilage
Full range of motion against resistance, symmetrically, bilaterally
Upright body posture
Symmetrical use of extremities
No numbness or tingling
Smooth steady gait
Cervical and Lumbar spine should be concave, thoracic spine should be convex

A

Normal finding on Mobility Assessment

64
Q

Diagnostic tests that can support diagnosis of musculoskeletal and neurologic problems that can cause altered mobility as well as determine effectiveness of treatment

A 
Blood tests (alk phos, Ca, Growth Hormone)
Imaging ( bone density, dexa scan, X-ray, CT, MRI)
Electrical test (electromyography, nerve conduction)
Joint Aspiration
65
Q

Can view soft tissues such as muscles, tendons, ligament and articular cartilage, no radiation

A

MRI

66
Q

series of Xrays that can provide a very detailed image of calcified tissues, radiation

A

CT

Nursing 102: Mobility (1 decks)

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