NURSES and the INTERNET Flashcards by Jonamarie Pabon

has changed tremendously over the last decade

• Professional competencies for new nurses now include informatics, case management, health care policy, cultural sensitivity and disaster preparedness

• The study of nursing involves life sciences, psychology, patient education and ethics, in addition to the traditional medical knowledge base

CONTEMPORARY NURSING PRACTICE

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for both nursing students and nurses, to support their studies, especially as nursing students spend a lot of their time in placements away from the university campus and to support their development of skills in using what is becoming an increasingly essential tool for professionals.

THE ABILITY TO USE THE INTERNET IS A ESSENTIAL SKILL

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provides some of the most important sources online information for medical professionals as well as health consumers

US Federal Government

US GOVERNMENT - MEDICAL AND HEALTH INFORMATICS

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• this federal agency both conducts and sponsors research on healthcare quality, safety, and cost effectiveness

• it’s “CONSUMERS and PATIENTS” links provides information on specific conditions, health insurance plans, prescriptions, health

AGENCY FOR HEALTHCARE RESEARCH AND QUALITY (AHRQ)

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• one of the National’ Institutes of Health, this organization’s mission is to support research in nursing in clinical and community services through grants and other funding programs

• provides information on its own funding initiatives, including diversity programs and resources, links to nursing organizations for various specialties, and publications from national

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF NURSING RESEARCH (NINR)

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• free digital archive of life sciences journal literature

• offers access to the full text of more than 160 high-quality, open-access life sciences journals from various

PUBMED CENTRAL

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its mission is to monitor public health, put forth prevention initiatives, investigate health problems and promote healthy

CENTER FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION
(CDCP)

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• maintained by the National Health Information Center of the US Department of Health and Human Services
• hand-selected directory of the health-related websites

HEALTHFINDER

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• medical encyclopedia, drug and herbal supplement information, current health news, and superior interactive tutorials are excellent
• brings together information from various government agencies (National Library of Medicine, National Institutes for Health)

MEDLINE PLUS

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• another directory of consumer health information, this site has a simple drsign and is prganized by conditions, body systems, type of patient, etc.
• also provides links to MedlinePlus and to specific institutes within NIH

NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH

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• this resource publishes more than 140 open access journals covering all areas of biology and medicine
• included are journals on nutrition, public and international health and BMC Nursing

BIOMED CENTRAL

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• though aimed at the layperson, nurses and students will welcome the plethora of information and tools provided by the Mayo Clinic
• uses can choose disease and condition, drugs and supplements, treatment decisions, healthy living ask a specialist, and Health tools

MAYO CLINIC: TOOLS FOR HEALTHIER LIVES

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• free, peer reviewed, international journal addressing topics affecting nursing practice, research, education and the wider health care sector
• presents timely information required by nurses and other healthcare professionals to provide current and informed patient care, to be socially responsive healthcare professionals and to professional development needs

ONLINE JOURNAL OF ISSUES IN NURSING (OJIN)

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• an initiative by scientists and doctors to publish quality, peer reviewed literature and make it freely available to the public and other researchers publishes journals in biology, medicine, clinical trials and genetics

PUBLIC LIBRARY OF SCIENCE

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an excellent source of global health information, including statistics and country by country health overviews

WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO)

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• provides information and support to family members, caregivers and health professionals of Alzheimer’s disease

ALZHEIMER’S ASSOCIATION

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San Francisco School of Medicine gives comprehensive, up-to-date information on HIV/AIDS treatment, prevention and policy at this site

HIV INSITE: GATEWAY TO AIDS KNOWLEDGE

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University of Pennsylvania cancer specialists launched this site in 1994 to “help cancer patients, families, health care professionals and the general public get accurate cancer-related information

ONCOLINK

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this site provides current health related news, links to information about public health advocacy, articles of concern to public health nurses, ask an expert sites, and a discussion forum on public health nursing.
• a good all-purpose resource for nurses with an emphasis on public health

HEALTH NURSING SECTION OF THE AMERICAN PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOCIATION

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• offers resources and information about medical ethics
• “One especially helpful resource for nursing students is their “VIRTUAL MENTOR”, an interactive, web based forum for analysis and discussion of ethical and professional issues

AMA MEDICAL ETHICS WEB PAGES

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the approach, as explained authors, is an integrated team approach in which “team members actively coordinate care and services across disciplines in a process resembling problem-based learning

GERIATRIC ASSESSMENT- CASE STUDIES

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it features 1,247 pictures from the classic 1918 publication, as well as a subject index with 13,000 entries

GRAY’S ANATOMY OF THE HUMAN BODY

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• easy to navigate, the user begins by choosing among ten systems: skeletal, digestive, muscular, lymphatic, endocrine, nervous, cardiovascular, male or female reproductive and urinary
• graphics ate interactive users can view animations the system, tutorials and descriptions

HUMAN ANATOMY ONLINE

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• multimedia tutorial featuring a virtual stethoscope to assess both respiratory and cardiovascular conditions
• included is a review of selected cardiac and pulmonary physiology and pathophysiology topics

MCGILL UNIVERSITY VIRTUAL STETHOSCOPE

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is available free, searchable by keyword or the table of contents. - It also oers two other complete manuals through this site: ○ The Merck Manual of Geriatrics ○ The Merck Manual of Health & Aging

MERCK MANUAL OF DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPY

Created by the University of Florida Medical Program, these guides are thorough and clear. - The exams oered are: ○ Vital Signs ○ Back & Extremity ○ Chest & Lung ○ Cardiology ○ Head and Neck ○ Eye ○ Abdominal ○ Breast ○ Pelvic ○ Neurologic & Mental Status!

PHYSICAL EXAM STUDY GUIDES

Created by nurses for nurses and students, this site oers good resource links, but the highlight is its "Care plan Corner," with predefined nursing care plans under 3 categories: ○ Altered/Alterations ○ Impaired/Impairment ○ General ○ Users can copy, save or print and modify any of the plans, and there is also a blank plain template to print out and fill in

RN CENTRAL

Information provided for each drug includes the description, clinical pharmacology, indications and dosage, side eects and drug interactions, warnings and precautions, drug over dosage contraindications and patient information.

RXLIST

• founded on September 2, 1922, as Filipino Nurses Association (FNA) in a meeting of 150 nurses presided by then Anastacia Giron Tupas (Mrs. Tupas), the FNA was incorporated in 1924. • The FNA became the PNA in 1966,

PHILIPPINE NURSES ASSOCIATION

Contains information regarding nursing industry including Nurse Companies, Nursing Review Centers, Nursing Schools, Care Givers, and Nursing Articles.

NURSE DIRECTORY

DSS are automated tools designed to support decision making activities and improve the decision-making process and decision ➢ Such systems are intended to use on enormous amounts of data that exist in information systems to facilitate decision process

DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM

- As explained by Wyatt and Spiegelhater, they regard CDSS as active knowledge systems that use two or more items of patient data to generate case specific advice - Designed to integrate a medical knowledge base, patient data and an inference engine to generate case specific advice - A CDSS is designed to support healthcare providers in making decisions about the delivery and management of patient care

CLINICAL DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM

COMPONENTS OF CDSS - Combines patient data from multiple sources ○ Ex.: Lab, Radiology, Pharmacy Data, etc. - This is needed to provide context for results interpretation

Integrated Real Time Patient Database

COMPONENTS OF CDSS • Allows event triggers to go into effect and activate alerts, and reminders automatically

DATA-DRIVEN MECHANISM

COMPONENTS OF CDSS • Translate the knowledge representation scheme used in the system so clinical knowledge in the system can be extracted and translated into machine executable logic

KNOWLEDGE ENGINEER

COMPONENTS OF CDSS Permit automatic execution of programs at a specific time to alert healthcare provider to carry out a specific function or ensure that action has been completed ○ Ex: Medication administration, Time Alerts

TIME DRIVEN MECHANISM

COMPONENTS OF CDSS • Data collected over time from a variety of sources allowing a longitudinal patient records.

LONG-TERM CLINICAL DATA REPOSITORY

It is a systematic, thorough search of all types of literature in a certain topic. It search to find key literature on a topic. To complete a thorough liferature search you should: - define what you are searching for - decide where to search - develop a search strategy refine your search strategy - save your search for future use.

LITERATURE SEARCHES

HOW TO SEARCH EFFECTIVELY

1. IDENTIFY SEARCH WORDS OR KEYWORDS 2. WHERE TO SEARCH: DATABASES 3. SEARCH TECHNIQUES 4. EVALUATING INFORMATION 5. ORGANIZING INFORMATION

- It allows you to efficiently seach for published information such as journal, magazine, and newspapers articles.

DATABASE

such as Google, uses computer algorithms to search the internet and identify items that match the characters and keywords entered by the user.

SEARCH ENGINE

WHY USE A DATABASE?

RELIABLE AND ACCESSIBLE

WHY USE SEARCH ENGINE?

useful for finding information produced by Governments, Organizations, groups, and individuals. - Examples you can find through a search engine include freely available article published by a government agency.

Data that is expressed in numbers and summarized using statistics to give meaningful information - Heights, Weights, or ages of students

QUANTITATIVE DATA

➢ When we use data for description without measurement. Such data cannot be easily summarized using statistics. Example: - Employees atude towards work

QUALITATIVE DATA

➢ When data is obtained directly from individuals, objects or processes. Quantitative or Qualitative data can be collected using this approach. Advantage: ● No customizations needed to make the data usable. ● One can control how the data is collected

PRIMARY DATA

➢ When you collect data after another researcher that initially gathered

SECONDARY DATA

A piece of evidence created by someone at the time of the event. Examples include: ● Letters ● Diaries ● Original photographs ● Govemment records ● Autobiographies ● Artifacts ● Some speeches

PRIMARY SOURCES

Information created by someone who was not present at arrevent after an vent happened. Examples includes: ● Newspaper articles ● Textbooks ● Biographies ● TV Documentaries ● Non-original photographs ● Encyclopedias ● Dictionaries

SECONDARY SOURCES

Statistical methods are mathematiçal formulas, models, and techniques that are used in statistical. analysis of raw research data. • The application of statistical methods extracts information from research data and provides dierent ways to assess the robustness of research outputs.

STATISTICAL TOOLS

EXAMPLES OF STATISTICAL TOOLS

Anova Standard Deviation

TYPES OF TEST: These tests look for an association between variables

CORRELATIONAL

TYPES OF TEST: Tests for the strength of the association between two continuous variables.

PEARSON CORRELATION

TYPES OF TEST: Tests for the strength of the association

SPEARMAN

TYPES OF TEST: between two ordinal variables (does not rely on the assumption of normal distributed data).

CORRELATION

TYPES OF TEST: Tests for the strength of the association between two categorical variables.

CHI-SQUARE

Tests for difference between two related variables

Paired T-test

Tests for difference between two independent variables

Independent T-test

Tests the difference between group means after any other variance in the outcome variable is accounted for Simple and multiple regression

ANOVA

look for the difference between the means of variable

Comparison of Means

are used when the data does not meet assumptions required for parametric tests

Non-parametric

Tests for difference between two independent variables - takes into account magnitude and direction of difference

Wilcoxon rank-sum test

Tests for difference between two related variables - takes into account magnitude and direction of difference

Wilcoxon sign-rank test

Tests if two related variables are different - ignores magnitude of change, only takes into account direction

Sign test

• These are designed through the careful construction of questions to identify facts and opinions from specific groups of respondents. • Using a questionnaire to gather research data is often an attractive proposition as they are arguably more precise and focused than alternative methods such as interviewing and observation by researchers.

ONLINE QUESTIONNAIRES

Online Questionnaires to Nursing Research ADVANTAGES

1. Inexpensive 2. Practical 3. Fast result 4. Scalability 5. Comparability 6. Easy Analysis 7. Validity and Reliability 8. No Pressure

Online Questionnaires to Nursing Research DISADVANTAGES

1. Dishonest Answers 2. Interpretation Issues 3. Accessibility Issue

AKA online poll) allows participants to communicate responses via the Internet, typically by completing a questionnaire in a web page. ● May allow anyone to participate OR may be restricted to a sample drawn from a larger panel. ● Allows one to ask a single mulliple choice question. Participants can choose among predefined answer (can be restricted to one answer or multiple answers).

DIGITAL POLLS

is an online survey development cloud-based software as a service company. ● It was tounded in 1999 by Ryor Finley and Chris Finley. ● The company provides surveys, and a suite of paid back-end programs.

SURVEY MONKEY

How does Survey Monkey Work

Gather opinions and transform them into People Powered Data (PPD).

An arrangement of cells in columns and rows used to organize, analyze, calculate, and report information, usually in numerical form.

SPREADSHEETS

The first electronic spreadsheet was named _____, short for visual calculator, and was created in 1979 for the Apple personal computer.

VISICALE

Microsoft Excel features:

1. Calculation, 2. graphing fools pivot tables, 3. a macro programming language called Visual Basic for Applications.

APPLICATION OF SPREADSHEET

● To manage name list of data records. ● To perform mathematical calculation easily in daily business. ● Inventory management. ● Create forms and consolidate results ● Analytical tools. ● Corporate budgeting.

Used by various kinds of researchers for complex statistical data analysis. - SPSS is used by market researchers, health researchers, survey companies, government entities, education - Researchers, marketing organizations, data miners, and many more for the processing and analyzing of survey data.

STATISTICAL PACKAGE FOR SOCIAL SCIENCES

The Core Functions of SPSS SS offers 4 programs that assist researchers with their complex data analysis beds • provides a plethora of basic statistical functions, some of which include frequencies, cross tabulation, and bivariate statistics.

Statistics Program

The Core Functions of SPSS SS offers 4 programs that assist researchers with their complex data analysis beds • enables researchers to build and validate predictive models using advanced statistical procedures.

Modeler Program

The Core Functions of SPSS SS offers 4 programs that assist researchers with their complex data analysis beds • helps survey administrators uncover powerful insights from responses to open ended survey questions.

Text Analytics for Surveys Program

The Core Functions of SPSS SS offers 4 programs that assist researchers with their complex data analysis beds • this program allows researchers to use their data to create a wide variety of visuals like density charts and radial boxplots with ease.

Visualization Designer

SPSS MAIN FEATURES

• Opening data files • Editing data • Creating tables and charts • Running inferential statistics • Saving data and output

the premier software for qualitative data analysis. ● Qualitative researchers describe, evaluate and interpret social phenomena. They analyze data from interviews, surveys, field notes, web pages and journal articles

NVIVO

● Easily accessible everybody has it with oce sweep support is widespread not design for advance statistics designed for graphs they import data to excel to make nice looking graphs

EXCEL

APPLICATION OF NURSING INFORMATICS: Clinical Practice:

• Electronic Health Record • Telemedicine • E-health

APPLICATION OF NURSING INFORMATICS: Administration:

• Clinical and Administrative Health Information System

APPLICATION OF NURSING INFORMATICS: Education:

• E-learning • Teleconferencing • Webinar

an electronic version of a patient's medical history ● key administrative clinical data relevant to that persons ○ demographics, progress notes, problems, medications, vital signs, past medical history, immunizations, laboratory data and radiology reports

ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORD

CONCERNS SURROUNDING MODERN EHR (electronic health record)

● Patient data security ● Physician burnout ● Interoperability ● User error ● Patient-provider relationship

BENEFITS OF MODERN EHR (electronic health record)

BENEFITS OF MODERN EHR ● Help streamline patient visits and care ● Patients can access their own information via an online portal ● Allows PCPC to share information with other specialty providers

○ Patients will be able to receive better care through personalized alerts and reminders, all through your practice's EHR.

GPS TECHNOLOGY AND REAL-TIME REMINDERS AND ALERTS FOR PATIENTS

○ Personal interactions via live video streaming have become exceedingly popular in recent years. In the future, we expect this trend to carry into many EHR platforms, allowing patients to have face-to-face time with their physician from the comfort of their own home.

VIRTUAL INTERACTIONS WITH PATIENTS OUTSIDE OF THE OFFICE

○ Interoperability is one of the weaknesses of current EHR. In the coming years, you should expect this issue to be improved, allowing you to share patient data and other important information with relevant healthcare providers seamlessly through your EHR.

IMPROVEMENTS IN INTEROPERABILITY- EASE OF ACCESS FOR A VARIETY OF HEALTHCARE INSTITUTIONS

○ Currently, many healthcare facilities use a general EHR that isn't customized to fit their practice. This "one size fits all" approach doesn't always work, and is a source of frustration for many in the medical industry. Sooner than later, we expect to see more practices customizing their EHR to work better for their sta and practice.

ADAPTATION OF MORE UNIQUE EHR SYSTEMS— LESS GENERAL, "ONE SIZE FITS ALL" ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORDS

we expect more practices to begin outsourcing their medical transcriptions to save their physicians time, save their practice money and optimize their EHR. Outsourcing is becoming more popular in the healthcare industry, and we predict more awareness of the benefits of outsourcing medical transcriptions in the coming years

OUTSOURCING MEDICAL TRANSCRIPTIONS FOR OPTIMIZED EHR

the remote diagnosis and treatment of patients by means of telecommunications technology. ● It has a wide range of uses, including online patient consultations, remote control, telehealth nursing, and remote physical and psychiatry. Rehabilitation. - teleme

TELEMEDICINE

● There is a serious issue of hacking patient's medical data, especially if the patient connects to telemedicine from a public network or an unencrypted channel ● When a person requires emergency care, this technology can cause the medication to be delayed, mainly because a doctor cannot deliver life-saving care or laboratory tests remotely

LIMITATIONS

use of digital technologies and telecommunications, such as computers, the Internet, and mobile devices, to facilitate health improvement and health care services. ● World Health Organization (WHO) defines, eHealth as "the cost-eective and secure use of information and communications technologies in support of health and health-related fields, including health-care services, health surveillance, health literature, and health education, knowledge and research."

E-HEALTH

● it is set to meet the needs in improving patient care. ● ______ categories provide nurses information systems (NIS) that support the way nurses documents the care that given to the patients.

CLINICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM

● provides information technology solutions and services that enhance the administrative operations. ● This refers to a series of technologies or schemes devised to manage data entry in healthcare organizations (Shrushti, 2020). ● They assist the healthcare organization through operations and management of finances and patients.

ADMINISTRATIVE HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEM

- Monitor and control financial aspects of facility

Financial Information systems

- Track and manage people within the organization

Human Resources information systems

- Assist management and staff in decision making

Decision support systems

- Provides permanent record of patients treated at the facility

Master patient Index

- Systems collect info on patients receiving treatment

Patient Registration

- Allow the facility to make efficient use of resources such as operating room

Scheduling Systems

- Combine a number of applications required to manage a physician practice

Practice Management Systems

- Manage supplies and equipment within the facility

Materials Management Information systems

- Allow physical plant operations to control the automated systems within the facility for patient safety and comfort - that is, heating and air systems, automated key control, and preventive maintenance on computerized systems on many software applications used in facility.

Facilities Management systems