Nursehub

Question 1

Which of the following hormones is not increased in plasma during dehydration?
* renin
* aldosterone
* EPO
* ADH/ vasopressin

Answer 1

EPO
* RAAS is to prevent further water loss in the urine.

EPO is really released when low blood OXYGEN

Question 2

What does the PCT pretty much reabsorb the most of?

Answer 2

water, glucose, AA, electrolytes (Na, Cl, K, Mg, Ca)

Question 3

Group of organs is called what based on the biological hierarchy?

Answer 3

organ system

Question 4

Explain the law of segregation

Answer 4

each gamate only gets ONE gene copy (aka ALLELE) of a single trait and this is chosen randomly during gametogenesis and a random gamete is chosen to be fertilized

Question 5

Which of the following is the process by which gametes divide and produce half the number of chromosomes found in a somatic cell?

Answer 5

meiosis

Question 6

Spongy bone is heavier or lighter than compact bone

Answer 6

lighter

Question 7

Which of the following substances does the kidney remove from the blood during filtration ?
* O2
* CO2
* salts
* RBCs

Answer 7

salts

Question 8

Does the dermis have blood vessels? What are those blood vessels involved in?

Answer 8

thermoregulation

Question 9

Contraction of the arrector pili m. facilitates vaso____

Answer 9

constriction to decrease heat loss through the skin

Question 10

Relaxation of arrector pili smooth m. facilitates vaso ____

Answer 10

dilation to increase blood and so heat and so heat dissipation through the skin

Question 11

sweating ____ cutaneous vasodilation

Answer 11

facilitates

so can ward off heat

Question 12

___ shortens during a muscle contraction, but ____ and ___ DO NOT CHANGE during a contraction

Answer 12

• sarcomere
• actin and myosin

Question 13

Veins have a larger of smaller diameter as compared to arteries?

Answer 13

larger
* veins also have valves and thinner smooth m. walls bc of low pressure system

Question 14

What antigen specific immune cell produces cytokines? What do those cytokines do?

Answer 14

• Helper T cells (CD4 T cells)
• help activate humoral (B cells) and cell mediated immunity (CD8 cytoxoic T cells)

Question 15

the epidermis protects underlying tissue from ____ and ____ and is a major part of ____ immunity

Answer 15

• abrasions
• chemicals
• innate (unbroken skin)

Question 16

Movement of mlcs in a substance depends on ____ energy

Answer 16

heat

Question 17

Hydrogen bonds form a ____ charged region on one mlc and a ____ charged region on another mlc

Answer 17

• partial negative
• partial positive
• aka dipole moments

Question 18

What is the average mass of:
* a human
* a car
* a laptop

Answer 18

• 60 kg
• 1800 kg
• 2.5 kg

Question 19

The same single-replacement reaction is run in two different beakers. The beakers are labeled as Beaker A and B and are heated to 75oC and 100oC, respectively. If the reactions are run for 15 minutes each, which of the following results would you expect to observe?

Answer 19

beaker B produces more product than beaker A bc inc temp = inc collisions and KE = more reactants have enough AE = more reactants able to complete reaction

Question 20

Enzymes are biological catalysts that ___________.

Answer 20

increase the rate of any given reaction by lowering the activation energy

Question 21

Why are control groups used in experiments?

Answer 21

To minimize the effect of variables that are not the independent variable

This is done by comparing measured data to the control group, which has many fixed variables.