NURS5002 - Exam 3 Flashcards
Which condition involves an abnormally enlarged gas-exchange system and the destruction of the lung’s alveolar walls?
Emphysema
A patient has a lung problem caused by dysfunction in the pores of Kohn. What action by the healthcare professional is best?
Have the patient do breathing exercises.
A patient reports needing to sit up at night in order to breathe. What term does the healthcare professional document about this condition?
Orthopnea
Which term is used to identify the movement of gas and air into and out of the lungs?
Ventilation
What medical term is used for a condition that results from pulmonary hypertension, creating chronic pressure overload in the right ventricle?
Cor pulmonale
Which type of pulmonary disease requires more force to expire a volume of air?
Obstructive
Which elevated value may be protective of the development of atherosclerosis?
High-density lipoproteins (HDLs)
A healthcare professional is caring for four patients. Which patient does the professional assess for pulmonary emboli (PE) as the priority?
Deep venous thrombosis
How does angiotensin II increase the workload of the heart after a myocardial infarction (MI)?
By increasing the peripheral vasoconstriction
A patient comes to the Emergency Department with inspiratory and expiratory wheezing, dyspnea, nonproductive cough, and tachypnea. What treatment does the healthcare professional anticipate for this patient as the priority?
Inhaled bronchodilator
Why is nasal congestion a serious threat to young infants?
Infants are obligatory nose breathers.
What electrocardiogram (ECG) change would the healthcare professional assess for when a patient’s myocardial infarction extends through the myocardium from the endocardium to the epicardium?
ST elevation
A newborn has alveolar collapse, decreased lung expansion, increased work of breathing, and severe gas-exchange abnormalities and the student asks the healthcare professional for an explanation of what is happening. What response by the professional is best?
Lack of surfactant leading to increased alveolar surface tension and fluid collection
Kussmaul respirations as a respiratory pattern may be associated with which characteristic(s)?
Slightly increased ventilatory rate, large tidal volumes, and no expiratory pause
Bronchiolitis tends to occur during the first years of life and is most often caused by what type of infection?
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
A healthcare professional is educating a community parent group and informs them that which type of croup is most common?
Viral
What is the initiating event that leads to the development of atherosclerosis?
Injury to the endothelial cells that line the artery walls
Which condition is capable of producing alveolar dead space?
Pulmonary emboli
Which immunoglobulin (Ig) may contribute to the pathophysiologic characteristics of asthma?
IgE
Where in the lung does gas exchange occur?
Alveolocapillary membrane
Parents bring a 5-year-old to the Emergency Department and report sudden onset of high fever, drooling, and they describe a “hot potato voice.” What action by the healthcare professional takes priority?
Allow the child to remain in the parent’s lap.
A baby has been born with Down syndrome. What congenital heart defect does the healthcare professional assess this baby for?
Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
What physical sign does the healthcare professional relate to the result of turbulent blood flow through a vessel?
Murmur heard on auscultation
A healthcare professional is educating a patient on asthma. The professional tells the patient that the most successful treatment for chronic asthma begins with which action?
Avoidance of the causative agent
The student asks a professor to explain how tuberculosis (TB) can remain dormant in some people. What explanation by the professor is best?
The bacilli can become isolated within tubercles in the lungs.
Deep breathing during atelectasis is important because it:
allows air to pass thru the pores of Kohn to the obstructed alveoli
In Acute Respiratory Syndrome, inflammatory mediators such as oxygen free-radicals, prostaglandins, leukotrienes and platelet-activating factor are released by:
Neutrophils
A patient may demonstrate a respiratory pattern of alternating periods of deep and shallow breathing which is most likely caused by:
decreased blood flow to the medulla oblongata
Hypoventilation causes retention of carbon dioxide which stimulate _____________ in an attempt to maintain normal homeostasis.
central receptors
Which of the following prevents overstimulation of the heart?
β3 adrenergic receptors
Congestive heart failure can lead to: (select all that apply)
increased preload
release of aldosterone
ventricular remodeling
What alteration contributes to atherosclerosis when endothelial cells are injured?
The release of toxic oxygen radicals that oxidize LDLs
Which condition is not a cause of chest wall restriction?
Pneumothorax