NURS 317 Unit 6 Pharm Chapter 25 Flashcards
The nurse is preparing to administer a client’s scheduled dose of baclofen and notes that the client’s most recent oral temperature was 100.9° (38.3°C). What is the nurse’s best action?
A) Administer the medication as prescribed and monitor the client.
B) Hold the baclofen, administer antipyretics as prescribed, and reassess the client in 1 hour.
C) Perform a focused respiratory assessment.
D) Report this assessment finding promptly to the care provider.
A) Administer the medication as prescribed and monitor the client.
Rationale:A fever is not necessarily an indication that the client’s baclofen should be held. Administering the drug as prescribed does not pose any clear safety risk in the presence of a fever. The nurse will need to follow up the client’s fever, but there is no obvious need to report it.
What client is most likely to benefit from Botox (incobotulinumtoxin A) injections?
A) A client who was diagnosed with myasthenia gravis 18 months ago
B) A client who has chronic lumbar and thoracic pain following a workplace accident
C) A client with cerebral palsy whose upper body spasticity has worsened in recent months
D) A client who suffers debilitating migraines 2 to 3 days per week
D) A client who suffers debilitating migraines 2 to 3 days per week
Rationale:Botox (incobotulinumtoxin A) has been used successfully in some clients with migraines. The injections are not used in the treatment of spasticity, myasthenia gravis, or back pa
A client has been prescribed cyclobenzaprine for the treatment of injury-related muscle spasticity. The client asks if it is safe to take ibuprofen while taking cyclobenzaprine. What should the nurse teach the client?
A) “Check with your care provider, but it’s likely not a problem.”
B) “It would probably be unsafe because both drugs are from similar families.”
C) “Confirm with your provider, but it would likely be quite hard on your liver.”
D) “Ask your care provider, but the combination might make you dangerously drowsy.”
A) “Check with your care provider, but it’s likely not a problem.”
Rationale:In most cases, centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxants are not contraindicated with NSAIDs. The client should be encouraged to dialogue with the provider before adding OTC medications to the drug regimen.
The pyramidal tract is located primarily within the basal ganglia.
A) FALSE
B) TRUE
A) FALSE
Rationale:The pyramidal tract is located primarily within the CNS. The extrapyramidal tract is composed of cells from the cerebral cortex and from several subcortical areas such as the basal ganglia and cerebellum.
Centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxants lyse or destroy the spasm.
A) FALSE
B) TRUE
B) TRUE
Rationale:The centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxants work in the CNS to interfere with the reflexes that are causing the muscle spasm. Because these drugs lyse or destroy spasm, they are often referred to as spasmolytics.
A client receives baclofen intrathecally at 8:00 AM. The nurse should expect the client’s serum levels of the drug to peak at what time?
A) 8:30AM
B) 9:00AM
C) 12:00PM
D) 1:00PM
C) 12:00 PM
Rationale:Baclofen, when given intrathecally, peaks in approximately 4 hours; in this situation, peak effect would occur at about 12 PM.
The nurse administers a client’s scheduled dose of dantrolene PO at 10 AM. The nurse should expect the duration of action to extend until approximately what time?
A) 2PM
B) 4PM
C) 8PM
D) 10PM
C) 8PM
Rationale:Dantrolene’s duration of action is 8 to 10 hours, so the nurse would expect to see drug effects until 8 PM.
A nurse is preparing a teaching plan for a client who is to receive botulinum toxin type A for frown lines. What adverse effects should the nurse inform the client could possibly occur? Select all that apply.
A) Abnormal hair growth
B) Drooping eyelids
C) Respiratory infections
D) Headache
E) Gastrointestinal upset
B) Drooping eyelids
C) Respiratory infections
D) Headache
Rationale:Headache, respiratory infection, and drooping eyelids are possible adverse effects of botulinum toxin type A. Gastrointestinal upset is not associated with the use of botulinum toxin type A. Abnormal hair growth is associated with dantrolene therapy, not botulinum toxin type A.
A client with a recent history of muscle spasticity has been prescribed tizanidine. What finding on the client’s most recent laboratory report should prompt the nurse to contact the care provider?
A) Rise in blood urea nitrogen
B) Decline in neutrophils
C) Rise in liver enzymes
D) Decline in sodium
C) Rise in liver enzymes
Rationale:Tizanidine is associated with hepatotoxicity, and any early indication of this phenomenon should be promptly reported.
Muscle spasms are thought to arise from the flood of sensory impulses coming to the spinal cord from an injured area.
A) TRUE
B) FALSE
A) TRUE
Rationale:Muscle spasms often result from injury to the musculoskeletal system—for example, overstretching a muscle, wrenching a joint, or tearing a tendon or ligament. These injuries can cause violent and painful involuntary muscle contractions. It is thought that these spasms are caused by the flood of sensory impulses coming to the spinal cord from the injured area.
A client sustained a musculoskeletal injury to their left leg that has resulted in occasional spasticity. What should the nurse expect the healthcare provider to prescribe?
A) Dantrolene
B) Baclofen
C) Cyclobenzaprine
D) Botulinum toxin type B
C) Cyclobenzaprine
Rationale:Cyclobenzaprine is used for the treatment of discomfort of acute musculoskeletal conditions. Baclofen is used to treat muscle spasticity associated with neuromuscular diseases. Dantrolene is used to treat upper motor neuron–associated muscle spasticity. Botulinum toxin type B is used to reduce the severity of abnormal head position and neck pain associated with cervical dystonia.
What client is using his or her pyramidal tract to the largest extent?
A) A client who is reaching to flush the toilet
B) A client who is filling out the dietary preferences card for the next day
C) A client who is rising from a sitting to a standing position
D) A client who is walking to the dining room
B) A client who is filling out the dietary preferences card for the next day
Rationale:The pyramidal tract is part of the CNS that controls precise intentional movement such as writing. The other clients’ gross movements would entail less involvement from the pyramidal tract.
A client with impaired liver function secondary to hepatitis C requires a centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant for temporary pain relief. What medication would put the least metabolic burden on the client’s liver?
A) Orphenadrine
B) Diazepam
C) Baclofen
D) Methocarbamol
C) Baclofen
Rationale:Baclofen is not metabolized. The other answer choices are centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxants that are all metabolized by the liver to differing degrees.
An older adult client’s healthcare provider believes that the client’s back pain would respond well to a centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant. The nurse is aware that the client’s glomerular filtration rate has fallen in recent months. Which medication would be most appropriate?
A) Cyclobenzaprine
B) Carisoprodol
C) Chlorzoxazone
D) Baclofen
B) Carisoprodol
Rationale:Carisoprodol is the centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant of choice for older clients, especially those who have renal or liver dysfunction, because it is considered safer than the other options.
A client has been prescribed baclofen and will be taking the drug on an outpatient basis. The client asks the nurse if it is still okay to drink wine with meals or end the day with a “nightcap.” What is the nurse’s best response?
A) “You’re not permitted to drink alcohol while you’re taking baclofen.”
B) “It’s best to keep your alcohol intake to a low level when you’re taking muscle relaxants.”
C) “The combination of baclofen and alcohol could depress your nervous system to a dangerous level.”
D) “If you combine baclofen and alcohol you could suffer a severe allergic-type reaction.”
C) “The combination of baclofen and alcohol could depress your nervous system to a dangerous level.”
Rationale:The nurse should explain the rationale for avoiding alcohol while taking baclofen. The nurse should ideally promote abstinence rather than low intake. The nurse should avoid giving a prohibition without explaining. This combination does not result in an allergic reaction.