NURS 2121 Final Flashcards

1
Q

what is idenitity

A

According to Godfrey and Young (2021)(from the Concepts of Nursing Practice text) professional identity is defined “as a sense of oneself , and in relation to others, that is influenced by characteristics, norms, and values of the nursing discipline, resulting in an individual thinking, acting and feeling like a nurse” (p.363).

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2
Q

attributes to identity

A

Doing
Being
Acting Ethically
Flourishing
Changing Identities

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3
Q

interrelated concepts of professional identity

A

Communication
Ethics
Clinical Judgement
Leadership

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4
Q

foundational elements for profession of nursing

A

Law/Regulation
Communication – verbal and non-verbal
Confidentiality – including online
Boundaries

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5
Q

definition of health1

A

Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity (WHO, 1948)

updated in 1984
In 1984, the WHO updated its definition and conceptualized health as:
“the extent to which an individual or group is able , on the one hand, to realize aspirations and satisfy needs; and, on the other hand, to change or cope with the environment. Health is, therefore, seen as a resource for everyday life, not the objective of living; it is a positive concept emphasizing social and personal resources, as well as physical capacities”.

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6
Q

canadian historical approach to health

A

After WWII health was viewed from a medical model (focused on physical illness only)

In the 1970’s recognized that the health status of Canadians was not improving in relation to the increasing in spending

In 1974 the Minister of Health, Marc Lalonde, commissioned a report that shifted the emphasis away from a purely medical model to more of a behavioural approach to health.

This shifted the responsibility for health on the individual (assumption is that if individuals knew what was best for them they would engage in healthy behaviours)

But by the early 1980’s health care spending continued to increase without the expected improvement in health status

In 1986 the Minister of Health and Welfare, Jake Epp, commissioned a report that shifted the emphasis away from a behavioural model of health to a socioenvironmental approach health.
This shifted the focus of health onto the social context

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7
Q

social determinant of health

A

Income and Social Status
Social support networks
Education and literacy
Employment and working conditions
Physical environments
Biological and genetic endowment
Individual health practices and coping skills
Healthy child development
Health services
Gender
Culture
Social environments

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8
Q

regulation/legilation of pracitices

A

Federally – Canada Health Act
to
Provincially – Health Professions Act
to
Interpreted by BCCNM

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9
Q

Who is responsible for making the ‘big’ decisions regarding health care for residents of BC?

A

At the provincial level nursing is predominantly determined by the Health Professions Act (legislation).

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10
Q

what is a standard

A

A standard is an expected and achievable level of performance against which actual performance can be compared. It is the minimum level of acceptable performance.

The Professional Standards, which are one set of standards under the umbrella of BCCNM Standards of Practice, are statements about levels of performance that nurses are required to achieve in their practice.

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11
Q

what do the professional standards do for nurses

A

Reflect the values of the nursing profession
Clarify what the profession expects of nurses
Represents the criteria against which nurses’ practice in British Columbia is measured by clients, employers, colleagues, themselves and others

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12
Q

definiton of RN (according to the CNA)

A

RNs are self-regulated health-care professionals who work autonomously and in collaboration with others to enable individuals, families, groups, communities and populations toachieve their optimal levels of health. At all stages of life,in situations of health, illness, injury and disability, RNsdeliver direct health-care services, coordinate careand support clients in managing their own health. RNscontribute to the health-care system through their leadership across a wide range ofsettings in practice, education, administration, research andpolicy.

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13
Q

Canadian Nurses Association Code of Ethics

A

“The Canadian Nurses Association (CNA) Code of Ethics for Registered Nurses is a statement of the ethical values of nurses and of nurses’ commitments to persons with health-care needs and persons receiving care”

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14
Q

7 primary values of the CNA code of ethics

A

The seven primary values of the CNA Code of Ethics are:

A. Providing safe, compassionate, competent and ethical care
B. Promoting health and well-being
C. Promoting and respecting informed decision-making
D. Honouring dignity
E. Maintaining privacy and confidentiality
F. Promoting justice
G. Being accountable

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15
Q

what was the BCCNM called before ?

A

CRNBC → BCCNP →BCCNM

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16
Q

what is nursing theory

A

A nursing theory is a set of concepts, definitions, relationships, and assumptions or propositions derived from nursing models or from other disciplines and project a purposive, systematic view of phenomena by designing specific inter-relationships among concepts for the purposes of describing, explaining, predicting, and /or prescribing.

Nursing theory aims to describe, predict and explain the phenomenon of nursing (Chinn and Jacobs,1978).

It should provide the foundations of nursing practice, help to generate further knowledge and indicate in which direction nursing should develop in the future (Brown, 1964).

This can be seen as an attempt by the nursing profession to maintain its professional boundaries.

It helps to distinguish what should form the basis of practice by explicitly describing nursing.

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17
Q

concepts central to nursing

A

Person
Health
Nurse
Environment
Social Justice (new)

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18
Q

professional standards

A

These Standards provide an overall framework for the practice of nursing in British Columbia. They set out minimum levels of performance that nurses are required to achieve in their practice.

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19
Q


Standard 1 - Professional Responsibility and Accountability

A

Maintains standards of nursing practice and professional conduct determined by BCCNM.

refers to the characteristics of reliability and dependability

implies an ability to distinguish between right and wrong

means being able to answer for one’s actions

the nurse balances accountability to the client, the profession, the employer, and society

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20
Q

Standard 2 - Knowledge-based Practice

A

Consistently applies knowledge, skills and judgment in nursing practice.

21
Q

what are carper’s four patterns of knowing

A

Carper’s Four Patterns of Knowing
1. Nursing Science
2. The Art of Nursing
3. Nursing Ethics – professional
guidelines
4. Personal Knowledge

22
Q

other ways of knowing (structured/unstructured)

A

Structured
- Scientific Inquiry
- Critical Thinking
- Logical Reasoning

      Unstructured - Empathy - Intuition - Trial & Error - Reflection - Tradition - Authority
23
Q

Standard 3 - Client-focused Provision of Service

A

Provides nursing services and works with others to provide health care services in the best interest of clients.

Context is important in the provision of client-focused care.

24
Q

Standard 4 - Ethical Practice

A

Understands, upholds and promotes the ethical standards of the nursing profession.

Makes the client the primary concern in providing nursing care.

Provides care in a manner that preserves and protects client dignity.

Demonstrates honesty and integrity.

Clearly and accurately represents self with respect to name, title and role.

Protects client privacy and confidentiality.

Recognizes, respects and promotes the client’s right to be informed and make informed choices.

Promotes and maintains respectful communication in all professional interactions.

Treats colleagues, students and other health care workers in a respectful manner.

Recognizes and respects the contribution of others on the health care team.

Makes equitable decisions about the allocation of resources under one’s control based on the needs of clients.

identifies the effect of own values, beliefs and experiences in carrying out clinical activities; recognizes potential conflicts and takes action to prevent or resolve.

Identifies ethical issues; consults with the appropriate person or body; takes action to resolve and evaluates the effectiveness of actions.

Initiates, maintains and terminates nurse-client relationships in an appropriate manner.

25
Q

ethics

A

A branch of philosophy that deals with questions of right and wrong and of
ought and ought not in our interactions with others.

26
Q

morals

A

A private or personal standard of what is right and wrong based on social norms or customs.

27
Q

morals

A

A private or personal standard of what is right and wrong based on social norms or customs.

28
Q

values

A

A strong personal belief.

29
Q

bioethics

A

The central idea of bioethics is that moral decision making in health care should be guided by four principles: autonomy, beneficence, non maleficence and justice.

30
Q

Autonomy

A

Refers to the right of people to choose for themselves what is right or best for them

31
Q

Beneficence

A

Doing or promoting good for others – involves taking positive actions to help others.

32
Q

Non-maleficence

A

The avoidance of harm or hurt.

33
Q

Justice

A

Respecting the rights of others, distributing resources fairly, and preserving and promoting the common good.

34
Q

ICN Code of ethics for nurses

A

Inherent is nursing is respect for human rights including cultural rights, the right to life and choice, to dignity and to be treated with respect. Nursing care is respectful of and unrestricted by considerations of age, colour, creed, culture, disability or illness, gender, sexual orientation, nationality, politics, race or social status.

35
Q

Ethical problems

A

Involve situations where the are conflicts between one or more values and uncertainty about the correct course of action.

36
Q

Ethical dilemmas

A

Arise when there are equally compelling reasons for and against two or more possible courses of action, and where choosing one course of action means that something else in relinquished or let go.

37
Q

Uncertainty

A

Uncertainty pushes us out of a state of equilibrium into a vulnerable and unsettling condition
People find security in knowing that certain events in their lives are predictable
Being upset is stressful and most people will take the course of action to get out of the uncomfortable state of being

38
Q

ethical distress

A

Is felt when individuals find themselves in situations where they are unable to do what they feel is the right thing.

39
Q

contributing factors to ethics

A

Institutional
Economic
Political
Technological
Social
Cultural

40
Q

florence nightingale

A

Florence Nightingaleisfamousprimarily for her work during the Crimean War (1854 - 56).
She changed the face of nursing from a mostly untrained profession to a more ‘skilled’ and respected profession.
She was one of the first to believe nurses required formal training.

41
Q

BCCNM purpose

A
  • BCCNM is a health regulator, so they have a legal obligation to protect the public
  • They do so by regulating the 5 distinct professions of licensed practical nurses, nurse practitioners, registered nurses, registered psychiatric nurses, and midwives
  • Regulation allows BCCNM to set standards for these 5 professions that ensure that the public receives safe, competent, and ethical care
  • BCCNM ensures the public’s confidence in nursing and midwifery care by making sure that their members have a clear understanding of their scope of practice and the standards they must adhere to
42
Q

BCCNM purpose

A
  • BCCNM is a health regulator, so they have a legal obligation to protect the public
  • They do so by regulating the 5 distinct professions of licensed practical nurses, nurse practitioners, registered nurses, registered psychiatric nurses, and midwives
  • Regulation allows BCCNM to set standards for these 5 professions that ensure that the public receives safe, competent, and ethical care
  • BCCNM ensures the public’s confidence in nursing and midwifery care by making sure that their members have a clear understanding of their scope of practice and the standards they must adhere to
43
Q

bccnm legal obligation

A

BCCNM has a legal obligation to protect the public through right-touch regulation of nursing and midwifery. We fulfill that mandate by:
- Ensuring competent people enter the profession
- Defining the standards of practice for safe, ethical care
- Keeping registrants accountable for upholding the standards
- Taking action when those standards are not met
- Strategic plan/achieving goals
- Empowered staff and leaders
- Anti-racist culture
- Modernized Regulatory Programs
- Streamlines processes and systems
- Data-informed decision making
- Enhanced registrant mobility
- Regulatory leadership

44
Q

BCNU purpose

A

to protect and advance the health, safety, social and economic health of the nurses, members, profession and the overall community.

be the professional voice for the nursing profession, while also being the leading support for publicly funded health care

45
Q

NNPBC purpose

A

Transforming health policies through nursing expertise.

46
Q

NNPBC vs BCCNM

A

The regulatory college, the British Columbia College of Nurses and Midwives (BCCNM), acts on behalf of the public to ensure safe care and public safety. The professional association, NNPBC, acts on behalf of nursing in order to advance the profession and influence health and social policy.

47
Q

CNA purpose

A

To advance nursing excellence and positive health outcomes in the public interest
To promote profession led regulation in the public interest
to act in the public interest for Canadian nursing and nurses, providing national and international leadership in nursing and health; and
to advocate in the public interest for a publicly funded, not-for-profit health system.

48
Q

ICN purpose

A

● Build positive relationships internationally

● Works along with the United Nations system, particularly with the World Health
Organization, the International Labour Organization and the World Bank

● Works closely with a range of international non-governmental organizations and
other partners.
● The global community recognizes, supports, and invests in nurses and nursing to
lead and deliver health for all.

49
Q

ICN strategic priorities

A
  1. Universal health coverage
  2. Non-communicable diseases
  3. Primary health care
  4. Human resources for health
  5. Person centered care
  6. Patient safety
  7. Antimicrobial resistance
  8. Mental health
  9. Immunization
  10. Sustainable development goals