Nurs 207 - Primary Health Care Flashcards
Define Primary Health Care
“essential health care based on practical, scientifically sound, and acceptable methods and technology made universally accessible to individuals and families in the community through their full participation and at a cost that the community and country can afford to maintain at every stage of their development in the spirit of self-reliance and self-determination”
PHC is comprehensive care that includes disease prevention, community development, a wide spectrum of services and programs, working in interprofessional teams, and intersectoral collaboration for healthy public policy”
Scope of Primary Health Care
Includes the Determinants of Health
List the 12 Determinants of Health
Gender Health Services Employment/Working conditions Education and Literacy Physical Environment Social Support Networks Personal Health Practices and Coping Skills Social Environments Healthy Child Development Biology and Genetic Endowment Culture Financial and Social Status
Identify the attributes of primary health care
Accessibility
Health Promotion
Public Participation
Intersectoral Collaboration
Appropriate technology
The 4 Pillars of Primary Health Care
Page 25 of Potter and Perry (Box 2-3)
Teams
Access
Information
Healthy Living
Accessibility
A continuing and organized supply of essential health services is available to all people with no unreasonable geographic or financial barriers.
Health Promotion
The process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health.
involves health education, nutrition, sanitation, maternal and child health care, immunization, and prevention and control of endemic disease.
Public Participation
Individuals and communities have the right and responsibility to be active partners in making decisions about their health care and the health of their communities.
Appropriate Technology
This includes methods of care, service delivery, procedures and equipment that are socially acceptable and affordable.
Intersectoral Collaboration
Commitment from all sectors (governments, community, and health) is essential for meaningful action on health determinants.
Approaches to Healthcare in Canada
Pre 1950-1970’s - Medical (centralized medical care)
1970’s - Behavioural (Lalonde Report)
1980’s Socioenvironmental (EPP Report)
Jakarta Declaration
Affirmed the Ottawa Charter prerequisites for health and added four other prerequisites for health: Empowerment of women Social Security Respect for human rights Social Relations
Declared poverty to be the greatest threat to human health
Bangkok Charter (not on admit ticket)
Emphasized mental and spiritual well-being as important elements of health
It identified critical factors influencing health such as the increasing inequalities within and between countries, global environmental change, and urbanization
Emphasized strong political action and sustained advocacy, empowering communities with adequate resources, and corporate sector commitment to healthy workplaces and ethical business practice
Toronto Charter
Developed the Social Determinants of Health, 10 Determinants that expand to include the social context
Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion
“watershed” document that marked the shift from a lifestyle to a socioenvironmental approach to health
Identified prerequisites (precursors) for health including peace, shelter, and education, food, a stable ecosystem, sustainable resources, social justice, and equity
Incorporated concept of empowerment - a person’s ability to define, analyze and solve problems - as an important goal for health care providers
Epp Report
Identified three challenges to be addressed for health including reducing inequities, increasing prevention, and increased coping
(Socioenvironmental approach to health care)
Lalonde Report
Recognized the impacts of a behavioural approach to health
Focus shifted to 4 elements
- Biology (physiological)
- Environment
- Lifestyle
- Health Services
(Behavioural approach to health care)
Canada Health Act (1984)
Is the federal law for Medicare in Canada
Identifies the objective of Canada healthcare policy
The 5 Pillars of the Canada Health Act
Page 21 of Potter and Perry (Table 2-1)
Public Administration - provincial and territorial plans operate on a nonprofit basis through a public authority
Comprehensiveness - similar across provinces ie. basic services covered
Universality - open and accessible to all individuals (equity, free of discrimination)
Portability - ability for people to move around Canada and still be covered (without cost or penalty)
Accessibility - make services readily available without causing undue harm/financial instability (based on medical need regardless of ability to pay)
Current Structure of Health Care
Page 22 of Potter and Perry
Federal Jurisdiction
Provincial and Territorial Jurisdiction
Professional Jurisdiction
Primary care vs Primary health care
Primary Care
- focus is on individual health care
- Focused on individual treatment and rehabilitation
- It is a medical concept referring to a situation in which a physician provides diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up for a specific disease or problem.
Primary Health Care
- foundation of Canada’s health care system
- focus is on health promotion and disease prevention
- principle-based, comprehensive approach
- It acknowledges the broader conditions that determine health
Alma Ata
Identified that primary health care was the precursor for health for all
