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NURS 200 > NURS 200 Final > Flashcards

NURS 200 Final Flashcards

1
Q

Types of Theories

A

Grand
Middle-Range
Descriptive
Prescriptive

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2
Q

Grand Theory

A

Insight into abstract phenomena, broad in scope - sometimes called paradigms

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3
Q

Middle-range Theory

A

more limited, less abstract

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4
Q

Descriptive Theory

A

Asks “why” things occur

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5
Q

Prescriptive Theory

A

Helps predict consequences

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6
Q

Nursing Metaparadigm

A

Nursing
Person
health
Environment

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7
Q

Carper’s Way of Knowing

A
  • empirical science (science of nursing)
  • ethical (moral component of nursing)
  • personal (self and other)
  • aesthetic (art of nursing)
  • sociopolitical (praxis of nursing)
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8
Q

Levels of Critical Thinking

A
  1. Basic (based on rules/principles)
  2. Complex (more independent)
  3. Commitment (assume independence/accountability)
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9
Q

Scientific Method Steps

A
  1. identification of the problem
  2. Collection of data
  3. formulation of a question or hypothesis
  4. testing of a question or hypothesis
  5. evaluation of results of the test/study
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10
Q

Standards of Care

A

Legal guidelines for nursing practice

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11
Q

Tort

A

Civil wrong committed against a person/property (intentional or unintentional)

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12
Q

Assault

A

Conduct that creates apprehension or fear or offensive contact in a person (threatening)

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13
Q

Battery

A

Physical contact without the persons consent (following through with threats)

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14
Q

Negligence

A
  1. nurse owed duty of care to patient
  2. didn’t carry out the duty
  3. patient was injured
  4. nurses failure to care and caused injury
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15
Q

Examples of Legal Issues

A
  • abortion
  • drug regulations
  • communicable diseases
  • end-of-life issues
  • advance directives and surrogates
  • organ donation
  • mental health issues
  • public health issues
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16
Q

Evidence-Informed Practice

A
  • from research, theories, clinical experts and opinion leaders
  • from assessments of patient’s history and physical/available resources
  • info about patient preferences and values
  • clinical expertise
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17
Q

Clinical Questions - PICOT

A

P = Patient population of interest
I = Intervention of interest
C = Comparison of interest
O = Outcome: what result
T = Time: what time frame will change occur in?

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18
Q

Nursing Informatics

A

dedicated to optimal use of info and communication technology to promote quality health care

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19
Q

COACH

A

Canadian
Organization for
Advancement of
Computers in
Health

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20
Q

CIHI

A

Canadian
Institute for
Health
Information

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21
Q

SNOMED CT

A

Systemized
NOmenclature of
MEdicine
Clinical
Terms

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22
Q

HI:NC

A

Health Information: Nursing Components

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23
Q

ICN

A

International Council of Nurses

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24
Q

ICNP

A

International Classification for Nursing Practice

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25
Q

IHTSDO

A

International Health Terminology Standards Development Organization

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26
Q

DAD

A

Discharge Abstract Database

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27
Q

PIPEDA

A

Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act

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28
Q

CNIA

A

Canadian Nursing Informatics Association

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29
Q

IMIA - N

A

International Medical Informatics Association - special interest group in nursing informatics

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30
Q

AMIA

A

American Medical Informatics Association

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31
Q

Beyond the Tropes

A
  • battles that nurses have gone through
  • need to better the imaging of nursing in the media
  • trying to make martyrs but silence at the same time
    need to develop a stronger voice for nursing
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32
Q

Transforming Student Nurses

A

Theres a mixed image of the profession from a students view

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33
Q

Professional Behaviours New Nurses Need

A

Importance of communication, self-awareness, change, leadership and conflict

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34
Q

Wisdom: A goal of nursing education

A
  • Needed an increase in global perspective
  • added wisdom by allowing students to think how an experienced nurse would think
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35
Q

Nurses and Social Media

A

ICN believes that social media can be helpful
Nurses need to be professional regarding its use

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36
Q

CNPS: Legal Risks in Nursing

A

Canadian Nurses Protective Society
- Use regulators to protect the public
- Nurses can be penalized for criminal conduct
- Grievance is a violation of employee’s rights
- Civil action is a lawsuit where the plantiff is seeking liability from the defendant
- nurses can be charged for negligence

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37
Q

3 discourses of Social Inclusion as a matter of social (in)justice

A

3 discourses: Recognition, Capabilities and equality, and citizenship

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38
Q

Evidence-Informed Decision making and Nursing Practice

A
  • CNA: nurses should collaborate with other health care workers
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39
Q

Quality Practice Environments

A

Maximizing outcomes for clients, nurses and organizations - deliver safe, compassionate, competent and ethical care
1. communication and collaboration
2. Responsibility and accountability
3. Safe and realistic workload
4. Leadership
5. Supports for info and knowledge management
6. Professional development
7. Workplace Culture

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40
Q

Evidence-based safe nurse staffing

A

appropriate base staffing that has a range of competencies

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41
Q

2025 Nurses: Technology Trends

A

EHT’s, wearable tach, data, and increased patient engagement

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42
Q

End to Angels

A

historic view of “virtuous” work - this image belittles the knowledge and skills needed

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43
Q

Major Theoretical Models

A
  1. Practice-based
  2. Needs Theory
  3. Interactionist Theory
  4. Systems Theory
  5. Simultaneity
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44
Q

Overlapping Phases of Peplau’s Theory

A
  1. Orientation
  2. Identification
  3. Exploitation
  4. Resolution
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45
Q

Nightingale’s Theory

A

Environment conducive to healing

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46
Q

Peplaus Theory

A

Nursing as an interpersonal process

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47
Q

Henderson’s Theory

A

Increasing independence of patients (14 basic needs)

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48
Q

Travelbee’s Theory

A

preventing/coping/making meaning of illness

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49
Q

Roger’s Theory

A

Human and environment as energy fields

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50
Q

Roy’s Theory

A

Increase compliance and life expectancy - 5 needs to promote physiological integrity: oxygen, nutrition, elimination, activity and rest, and protection

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51
Q

Johnson’s Theory

A

stability and balance/adaptation to the forces

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52
Q

Orem’s Theory

A

Capacity for self-care

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53
Q

Neuman’s Theory

A

Variables affecting the client’s response to stressors

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54
Q

UBC Theory

A

Person as a behavioural system during critical periods of life cycle

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55
Q

Adam’s Theory

A

Helping Process of Restoring independence by satisfying human needs

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56
Q

Parse’s Theory

A

Humans and environment co-create health

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57
Q

McGill’s Theory

A

Focus on health rather than illness

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58
Q

Watson’s Theory

A

Nursing as caring

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59
Q

Relational Ethics - 4 key components

A
  1. Environment
  2. Embodiment
  3. Mutuality
  4. Engagement
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60
Q

vicarious liability

A

legal doctrine where the law holds employer legally responsible for acts of its employees that occur within the SCOPE and COURSE of their employment

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61
Q

Social Justice

A

“upstream approach”, considers SDOH

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62
Q

Equality

A

ensures ALL individuals receive the same amount

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63
Q

Equity

A

Factors in/adjusts distribution to account for individual and/or systemic factors which would put some at a disadvantage

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64
Q

Causes of Canadian Sickness

A

50% - your life
25% - your healthcare
15% - biology
10% - your environment

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65
Q

when was the start of nursing

66
Q

1st school of nursing

A

St. Thomas Hospital (1860) in London

67
Q

1st Diploma

A

St. Catherine’s Training School (1874)

68
Q

1st University Program

69
Q

Principles of Regulation

A
  1. public interest
  2. flexibility
  3. fairness and equity
  4. administrative efficiency
70
Q

International Council of Nurses (ICN)

A
  • quality of health
  • satisfied workforce
  • represent nurses
  • influence health policy
71
Q

Canadian Nurses Association (CNA)

A
  • public, nonprofit
  • promote excellence
  • advocating
  • public interest
72
Q

College of SK RN’s

A
  • protect the public
  • excellence in practice
  • RN’s and NP’s are partners
73
Q

SK Union of Nurses (SUN)

A

“Healthy members, healthy union, healthy communities”
- achieve safe and healthy practice environments for all SUN members

74
Q

Canadian Nurses Protective Society

A

Nursing legal system
- Canadian Nursing professions own legal system

75
Q

Code of Ethics (2017)

A

provides guidance when nurses are working through an ethical challenge
Responsibility, Accountability and Advocacy

76
Q

Ethical Agent

A

has capacity to direct their actions

77
Q

Ethical Courage

A

Stand firm on a point of moral principles

78
Q

Ethical Dilemmas

A

Choosing one course of action means another is relinquished/let go

79
Q

Ethical Disengagement

A

When nurses normalize the disregard of their ethical commitments

80
Q

Ethical Distress

A

When nurses are unable to act accordingly of their moral judgement

81
Q

Ethical Indifference

A

Failure to assume the ethical responsibilities of the profession - questions integrity of the nurse

82
Q

Ethical Problem

A

Conflicted between one or more values

83
Q

Accountability

A
  • understand/meet professional standards
  • competency
  • maintain fitness of practice
  • sharing knowledge
  • advocating
84
Q

Advocacy

A

Acting on another’s behalf
- speaking for those who can’t speak
- ensure that all views are heard
- eliminate social inequities
- protecting a patients right to choose

85
Q

Beneficence

A

actions should promote the good and well-being of the client (PREVENT HARM)

86
Q

Non-Malificence

A

DO NO HARM

87
Q

Veracity

A

concerns telling the truth
- patient education
- intent to be honest
- autonomy

88
Q

Justice

A

fair and equal treatment

89
Q

Social Determinants of Health

A

Way in which people are born, grow, live, work and age can impact health (income, social status, social support, education, working conditions, gender, culture, etc.)

90
Q

Social

A

Individual interactions with environment

91
Q

Determinants

A

Indicators that have influence

92
Q

Health

A

Context of physical, spiritual, social, and mental health or wellness

93
Q

Distributive Justice

A

equal distribution of goods/services

94
Q

Market Justice

A

Honouring the rights of those who have earned the entitlement to those privileges

95
Q

3 Components of Nursing Advocacy

A
  1. Safe-guarding patient autonomy
  2. Acting on behalf of patients
  3. Championing social justice
96
Q

Client outcomes in quality workplaces

A

reduced RN fatigue improves patient safety
Increased workload of RN’s has poorer outcomes for patients

97
Q

Nurse outcomes in quality workplaces

A

Decreased number of nurses burnout
Absenteeism is a serious issue
Nurses leaving is costly
OT and Absenteeism costs up to $2 billion per year
Paid and unpaid OT of public-sector healthcare nurses

98
Q

Organizational outcomes in quality workplaces

A

Identification of the rights
Safe workplace = positive environment

99
Q

CNFU definition of workplace violence

A

violence which includes the threatened, attempted or actual work-related incident of physical force or psychological abuse which can result in physical, emotional and sexual injury, harm or trauma

100
Q

CNFU definition of harassment

A

a course of vexatious comment or conduct against a worker that is known and seen as unwelcome, especially any hostile and abusive work-related conduct, comment, or gesture that can be perceived to result in a harmful work environment

101
Q

CNFU definition of bullying and lateral violence

A

inappropriate, offensive, abusive, aggressive, negative, intimidating, or insulting work-related abuse of power

102
Q

Risk of workplace violence influenced by..

A
  • low decision-making autonomy and rigid work routine
  • inappropriate or inadequate staffing
  • excessive use of OT
  • inappropriate admission or transportation of patients
  • inadequate security/security measures
  • type of healthcare setting or department
  • working in isolation
103
Q

ICT

A

Informational and Communications Technology

104
Q

CNIA mission and vision

A

Mission: positively impacting health outcomes by advancing nursing informatics leadership
Vision: every nurse, every setting, optimizing informatics, and digital health for all

105
Q

CIHI mission

A

non-profit body that records, analyzes, and disseminates essential data

106
Q

Issues with CIHI

A
  • artificial intelligence
  • big data/data analytics
  • virtual care
  • EHR and virtual care
  • patient access to data
107
Q

Core Components of EHR

A
  • Patient registry
  • Provider registry
  • Diagnostic images
  • Laboratory results
  • Drugs dispensed
  • Clinical reports and immunizations
108
Q

CASN

A

uses ICT to support info synthesis in accordance with professional and regulatory standards in the delivery of patient care

109
Q

Key Competencies of CASN

A
  1. Information and knowledge management
  2. Professional and regulatory accountability
  3. Information and communication technologies
110
Q

What is workplace incivility

A

Sense of disrespect among health workers (bullying)

111
Q

Types of workplace incivility

A
  1. historical: circular issues of workplace dissatisfaction and violence (ex. nurses eat their young)
  2. social and cultural: social/cultural process/networks, evolution of the profession, power differentials, fear of exclusion, age consideration
  3. Political: who benefits from resolutions? competition, personal benefits, organizations structure, need for power
  4. Economic: absenteeism, leave of absence, high turnover, more OT
112
Q

Workplace Culture

A

Values focus on well-being of clients and nurses. Respect, positive change, evidence-informed practice

113
Q

Role of technology in nursing

A

identify knowledge gaps, generate evidence, facilitate in knowledge transfer

114
Q

Cultural Safety

A

effective nursing practice of a person or family from another culture and is determined by the people receiving care

115
Q

Humility

A

self-reflection to understand personal and systemic biases and to develop and maintain respect processes

116
Q

Awareness

A

recognizing the differences and similarities exist between cultures

117
Q

Competence

A

Doesn’t require us to be experts on different cultures - develop knowledge, skills, and attitudes for working effectively and respectfully with diverse people

118
Q

Sensitivity

A

grows when we start to see the influences of our own culture and acknowledge that we have biases

119
Q

Duty of Care

A

nurse owed the patient an expected level of care

120
Q

Duty to Report

A

properly charting

121
Q

Types of laws that govern nursing practice

A

constitutional law, common law, administrative law, case law

122
Q

Constitutional Law

A

derived from federal and state constitutions

123
Q

Civil law

A

protect the rights of individuals and provide for fair and equitable treatment when civil wrongs or violations occur

124
Q

Omnibus Reconciliation Act of 1987

A

Mandated that skilled nursing facility residents are given rights: greater focus on elderly care, addressed use of restraints (last resort, require an order, close monitoring)

125
Q

HIPAA

A

Health insurance portability and accountability act
- provides rights to patient and protects employees
- establishes patients rights regarding privacy of their health care info and records
- established patients right to consent to the use/disclosure of protected health info, to amend mistaken or incomplete info; limits who can access records

126
Q

HITECH

A

Health Information Technology Act
- expands on principles under HIPAA, especially with security breach of personal health info

127
Q

Due Process

A

means the state is required to inform the nurse of allegations and investigation process, including who is being asked to provide info about allegations

128
Q

Informed Consent and Health Care Acts

A

responsibility of person performing procedure - must be witnessed, not applicable in emergencies

129
Q

Key Elements of informed consent

A
  1. pt receives an explanation of treatment
  2. pt receives the names/qualifications of people involved
  3. pt receives a description of the risks/harm
  4. pt receives an explanation of alternative therapies to treatment and risks of doing nothing
  5. pt knows that he/she has the right to refuse
  6. pt knows that they may refuse after the treatment has begun
130
Q

Good Samaritan Laws

A

protect healthcare professionals in emergency situations outside the hospital. Limits liability and give legal immunity, within standards of care. Once you begin care, you must stay with the pt until transferred to EMS or other authority

131
Q

Public Health Laws

A

protect populations, advocate for the rights of people, regulate health care and financing, and ensure professional accountability for care provided

132
Q

Uniform Determination of Death Act

A

actual point of death at which a person is legally dead

133
Q

Two Standards for determining death

A
  1. Cardiopulmonary standard: loss of circulatory and respiratory functions
  2. Whole-brain standard: loss of all functions of the entire brain (including brain stem)
134
Q

Defamation of character

A

publication of false statements that result in damage to a person’s reputation

135
Q

Slander

A

Speaking falsely about another

136
Q

Libel

A

Written defamation of character

137
Q

1973 Roe vs Wade

A

1st trimester: could end her pregnancy without state regulation because the risk of natural mortality from abortion is less than with normal child birth
2nd Trimester: state is interested in protecting maternal health, and enforces regulations regarding the person terminating the pregnancy and the agency
3rd Trimester: when the baby is viable, the interest of the state is to protect the baby - prohibits the termination except when necessary to save the mother

138
Q

1989 Webster vs Reproductive Health Services

A

Narrowed Roe vs Wade

139
Q

When can a nurse refuse assignment

A
  1. lacks the knowledge/skills to provide competent care
  2. care exceeding the NPA is expected
  3. health of the nurse is threatened
  4. orientation to the unit hasn’t been completed and safety is at risk
  5. nurse clearly state and documents a conscientious objection on a basis of moral, ethical, or religious grounds
  6. nurses clinical judgement is impaired as a result of fatigue, resulting in safety risk
140
Q

Nurse Experts

A

Testify about the standards of care as applied to the facts of a case; has education/experience r/t alleged complaint of pt and accurately describes the pertinent scope and standards of practice required

141
Q

Three types of ethics

A
  1. Metaethics: focus on universal truths, and where and how ethical principles are developed
  2. Normative Ethics: focus on moral standards that regulate behaviours
  3. Applied Ethics: focus on specific difficult issues such as euthanasia, capital punishment, abortion and health disparities
142
Q

Kohlberg’s stages of Moral Reasoning

A
  1. Pre-conventional
  2. Conventional
  3. Post Conventional
143
Q

Pre-Conventional

A

individual is inattentive to norms of society when responding to moral problems: individual is self-centered, wants/needs over right/wrong

144
Q

Conventional

A

Responds to prospect of personal reward

145
Q

Post-Conventional

A

more independent modes of thinking than previous stages - self-interest AND group norms

146
Q

Gilligan’s Stages of Moral Reasoning

A

Moral person is one who responds to need and demonstrates consideration of care and responsibility in relationships

147
Q

Deontology

A

doing your duty to honor your obligation

148
Q

Examples of Current Technological Applications

A
  • patient scheduling and transfer
  • billing and financial mgmt
  • diagnostic imaging
  • lab reporting
  • order-entry applications
  • pharmacy
  • pt documentation systems
  • clinical support tools
  • resource mgmt applications
  • Artificial intelligence
149
Q

Role of Informatics and the Canadian Health Care System

A
  • standardizes nursing language
  • increases visibility of nursing
  • creation of nursing minimum data set (NMDS) - most important data elemtns
  • standards
150
Q

HOBIC Project

A

Health Outcomes for Better Information and Care Project - standardized assessment methods

151
Q

Key competencies of nursing

A
  1. information and knowledge management
  2. professional and regulatory accountability
  3. information and communication technologies
152
Q

Magnet-Credentialed hospitals

A

workplaces with better work environments and better nurse and patient outcomes
lower mortality rate
lower rates of burnout or dissatisfaction at work

153
Q

Enough is Enough Article

A

about putting a STOP to violence in health care
SUN is responsible for implementing strategies to decrease violence and acts of aggression against SK nurses

154
Q

Video from Nova Scotia

A

Violence is NOT part of the job

155
Q

Levels of Research Evidence

A
  1. Systematic reviews - 3 or more RCT’s (randomized clinical trials) of good quality that have similar results
  2. 1 or 2 well-designed RCT’s
  3. 1+ controlled trials w/o randomization
  4. 1+ control or cohort studies
  5. systematic reviews of descriptive/qualitative studies
  6. single descriptive or qualitative studies
  7. opinions of authorities and/or reports of expert committees
156
Q

Steps of the Research Process

A
  1. Abstract
  2. Background/Literature Review
  3. Methodology
  4. Findings
  5. Discussion
  6. Limitations
  7. References
157
Q

Assessing Strength of the Article

A

Quality
Quantity
Consistency

158
Q

Basic steps in planning nursing research

A

question
problem
purpose - statement
design
sample
methods
analysis
results or findings
clinical implications
conclusion

159
Q

Objectives of nursing research

A

a way to identify new knowledge, improve professional education/practice and use resources effectively
Theories are generated from findings of other research

160
Q

PARiHS Framework

A

Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services
- Evidence: research, clinical and patient experience, local data
- Context: culture, leadership, evaluation
- Facilitation: purpose, role, skills and attributes

161
Q

Principles of Primary Health Care

A
  1. Accessibility
  2. Public Participation
  3. Health Promotion
  4. Appropriate Technology
  5. Intersectional Cooperation
162
Q

Gibbs Reflective Cycle

A
  1. Description (what happened)
  2. Description (thoughts/feelings)
  3. Evaluation (good/bad parts)
  4. Analysis (make sense)
  5. Conclusion (what else)
  6. Action plan (what will you do if it happens again)

NURS 200 (1 decks)

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