NUR363 Flashcards
Name the four major types of qualitative research designs found in nursing research
Phenomenology
Grounded Theory
Ethnography
Historical
Two broad purposes of research design are?
- Provide framework to answer research Q
2. Involves plan for systemic approach to gathering information
What is the major consideration when critiquing research design in a journal article?
How well does the design fit the Q
If a research study is suggesting a test of relationships, it is a ________________ study design?
Quantitative
If a research study is suggesting an exploration of the human experience, it is a _________________ study design?
Qualitative
State three things that research questions seek to achieve.
Describe or understand
Connect, link and relate
Manipulate and/or protect
One of the main characteristics of quantitative research is that it involves a close relationship between the researcher and the participant.
False- Arms length
Briefly describe phenomenology, ie it is a description
of_________________________________
Lived experiences
Grounded Theory is concerned with?
Social processes and meaning
Ethnology is concerned with?
Cultural
State four main components of rigor in qualitative research.
Trustworthiness
Confirmability
Transferability
Credibilty
Why is rigor so important?
Confidence in results
Methods can be trusted
In quantitative research, the emphasis is on?
Numerical info
Accuracy
Control
Name four types of quantitative research studies
Descriptive
Correlational
Experimental
Quasi-experimental
Time is important in _________________________ research studies?
Quantitative
Cross-sectional studies
Data measured at one point in time w/ different participants
Longitudinal studies
Data collected at different points in time but same participants
Retrospective studies
Link present outcomes with past events
Prospective studies
As they occur
Why is control important is quantitative studies?
Reduces errors and maximise results
Define Independent variable
DOES NOT depends on that of another
Define Dependent variable
DOES depend on that of another
Name two types of validity and briefly define each
Internal- Accurately measures
External- Generalised
What is the research problem?
Knowledge gap that needs filling
In nursing, where is the research problem generally derived from?
Clinical practice
Theory
Briefly define hypothesis.
An proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for furthur investigation
Name three sources of nursing research problems.
Clinical experiences
Nursing literature
Social issues
What are the important things the background section of a research report should tell us?
Outline specific problem
Provide broad context
Outline what is already known
Name and briefly describe two other types of probability sampling.
Cluster: successive random sampling of units/clusters
Systematic: selection of members of population at fixed intervals ie every ninth case
What are the disadvantages of non-probability sampling?
Less rigorous
Limits generalisability
Not representative
List three major types of non-probability sampling
- convenience
- quota
- purposive
Define EBN or evidence based health care practice
Applying the best available research evidence when making clinical decisions and practice
When do we (as nurses) need to seek out evidence?
Continuously through their career
Evidence can be placed in two categories. Name these.
non-research based
research based
What is the purpose of an abstract?
It summarizes the main points of a research report
Why might an abstract be useful for us to read?
To see if it MAY answer the question
Identify some common terms used in each section of a research report.
Intro Background Methods Results Discussion Conclusion
State 3 features of qualitative methods and quantitative methods.
Qualitative:
Quantitative:
Qualitative- Subjective info, no numbers, no control
Quantitative- Numerical info, Accuracy, control
What would you expect to find in the methods section of a research study?
How the info was found
What would you expect to find in the discussion section of a research study?
A discussion of the findings
The p value indicates?
a. The percentage of time the results reported would have occurred by chance alone
b. The decision criterion used
c. The probability of selection
d. The percentage of time the results reported would not have occurred by chance alone
A
A p value of
C
When reporting that, from study findings, the effect of a new treatment on reducing wound healing time in the population from which the sample was drawn, is -2 to +2 days with 95% confidence, this means that?
a. The treatment should be implemented for all wounds because it reduces wound healing time
b. The treatment was shown to be ineffective in this study, but there is a 5% chance that this finding is incorrect
c. The standard deviation in reduced wound healing time is 4 days
d. The treatment should not be implemented based on this study because there is no indication that it will be effective
D
Which of the following are used to determine if a finding has clinical significance?
a. The p value
b. Confidence intervals
c. Effect size
d. All of the above
D
In a large, randomly selected sample of patients who have had major thoracic surgery, patients are asked to rate their pain during the post-operative period. There is a significant positive correlation between pain scores and the length of the main incisions (r=0.10, p = 0.01, alpha = 0.05). What would be the most appropriate interpretation of the findings?
a. The longer the man incision, the more intense the pain is likely to be, in this population
b. The longer the main incision, the less intense the aoin is likely to be, in this population
c. Large wounds cause greater pain in this population
d. Surgeons should change the length of their incisions
A
In which of the following cases would a t-test be appropriate?
a. Comparing cholesterol levels between two groups of athletes
b. Looking for an association between blood cholesterol and hours of exercise in a single group of office workers
c. Looking for a relationship between gender and use of sunscreen among high school students
d. None of the above
A
In which of the following cases would a chi-square test be appropriate?
a. Comparing cholesterol levels between two groups of athletes
b. Looking for an association between blood cholesterol and hours of exercise in a single group of office workers
c. Looking for a relationship between gender and use of sunscreen among high school students
d. None of the above
C
In which of the following cases would a regression analysis be appropriate?
a. Comparing cholesterol levels between two groups of athletes
b. Looking for an association between blood cholesterol and hours of exercise in a single group of office workers
c. Looking for a relationship between gender and use of sunscreen among high school students
d. None of the above
B
Which of the following tests could be used to compare the mean blood alcohol levels of four groups of drinkers?
a. Chi square
b. ANNOVA
c. T-test
d. Pearson’s correlation
B
Which of the following is an example of a non-parametric test?
a. T-test
b. Analysis of variance
c. Mann-Whitney u – test
d. Pearson’s correlation
C
