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NUR331 > NUR331 > Flashcards

NUR331 Flashcards

1
Q

The process whereby Oxygen and Carbon dioxide transfer across the alveolar capillary membrane is known as?

A

diffusion

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2
Q

Impairments in ventilation are caused by which two main mechanisms?

A

narrowing of the airway and disruption of the neuronal transmission

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3
Q

Hypoxaemia, hypoxia and hypercapnia can result in?

A

acidosis and cell death

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4
Q

When selecting the size for a nasopharyngeal airway adjunct, how is it measured

A

from the tip of the nose to the tragus of the ear

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5
Q

Which of these signs could indicate the removal of the ICC?

A

ALL:
stable oxygen saturations
no bubbling in the underwater seal drain
chest reinflation on chest xray

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6
Q

A tension pneumothorax occurs when:

A

the internal structures are shifted across in the chest due to a build-up of air in the cavity

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7
Q

Which of these patients might have an obstructed airway

A

ALL:
the patient has facial burns and swelling around the neck
stridor or drooling
the patient is lying on their back and they are vomiting

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8
Q

What are some causes of pneumothorax?

A

ALL:
stab wound to the chest
high lung pressure
idiopathic

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9
Q

What is the rationale for auscultating the bowel prior to palpating the bowel?

A

After pressure is applied peristaltic action will increase

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10
Q

When conducting a focused abdominal assessment, what might a pulsating abdomen indicate?

A

Abdominal aortic aneurysm

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11
Q

severe pancreatic inflammation is commonly associated with what two predisposing factors?

A

Alcoholism and gallstones causing biliary tract obstruction

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12
Q

What causes severe pain in pancreatitis?

A

All:
Oedema and distension of the pancreatic ducts and capsule
Peritoneal irritation
Biliary tract irritation or obstruction

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13
Q

what cause hypotension in severe pancreatitis

A

Vasodilation and fluid shift to the pancreas and abdominal cavity

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14
Q

How does the pain associated with pancreatitis present?

A

sudden onset, severe, constant epigastric pain radiating to the back

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15
Q

initial treatment of severe pancreatitis involves what:

A

Analgesia, fluid replacement & fasting

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16
Q

Altered perfusion can be the result of?

A

ALL:
impaired circulation
inadequate cardiac output
excessive perfusion demands

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17
Q

The gold standard for cardiac assessment include what?

A

ECG, history & troponin levels

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18
Q

Chest pain assessment can employ the following acronym

A

PQRST- provokes, quality, radiation, severity and timing

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19
Q

What ECG changes would you expect to see with myocardial ischaemia

A

ST segment depression

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20
Q

What changes would you expect to see with myocardial infarction

A

ST segment elevation

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21
Q

Cardiac output is defined as?

A

The volume of blood ejected from the heart in litres in a minute

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22
Q

Do males and females experience the same signs and symptoms when they are having a myocardial infarction?

A

ALL:
Fewer women than men experience classic signs of an MI
Females often experience fatigue first
Females experience more silent MIs compared to men

23
Q

What does PCI stand for?

A

Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

24
Q

What will happen to the cardiac output when fibrillation occurs in the ventricles or the atria?

A

the cardiac output decreases

25
Q

A guedel’s airway is measured from which anatomical structure to which anatomical structure ?

A

Centre of teeth to the angle of the jaw

26
Q

Intubation is indicated when a GCS is less than ?

A

8

27
Q

haemoptysis is what ?

A

coughing up blood

28
Q

what are flail segments?

A

multiple broken ribs

29
Q

what is cardiac tamponade ?

A

blood around the heart

30
Q

what is a Pneumothorax?

A

air in the pleural space

31
Q

what is a Haemothorax ?

A

blood in the pleural space

32
Q

what is a Tension pneumothorax ?

A

air in the pleural space that does not escape, the increased air in the pleural space shifts organs and increases intrathoracic pressure

33
Q

A seizure affecting just one area of the body is known as

A

focal seizure

34
Q

Damage in the central nervous system tissues results in:

A

glial scar and alteration in neuronal transmission

35
Q

Seizures can result in

A

brain tissue injury

36
Q

A condition in which there is a degeneration of the myelin sheath is known as

A

Multiple sclerosis

37
Q

What are some of the signs of concussion

A

loss of memory, nausea & vomiting

38
Q

Functions of the kidney include:

A

Excreting metabolic waste and producing erythropoietin

39
Q

Pre renal causes of acute kidney injury include?

A

hypovolaemia and sepsis

40
Q

important nursing considerations for a patient with post renal AKI include

A

fluid and electrolyte management

41
Q

.Antidiuretic hormone leads to?

A

Increased water reabsorption

42
Q

Hyperkalaemia is a high concentration of which electrolyte

A

potassium

43
Q

Increased sodium and water reabsorption leads to:

A

Increasing blood volume and a higher BP

44
Q

A treatment in which metabolic waste products can be removed from the blood is known as?

A

Dialysis

45
Q

When acute kidney injury occurs what happens to the concentration of sodium and potassium ions in the blood?

A

sodium decreases and potassium increases

46
Q

A pathogen which cannot replicate outside of the human host is known as?

A

virus

47
Q

The chain of infection includes which of the following

A

infectious agents, portals of exit and entry, modes of transmission, reservoirs and infectious agents

48
Q

There are four means of infection transmission including?

A

direct contact, air borne, environment and ingestion

49
Q

Inflammatory mediators include:

A

vasoactive and chemotactic mediators

50
Q

A systemic inflammatory response to an infection which may be bacterial, fungal, viral or parasitic is known as?

A

sepsis

51
Q

What are the three major pathophysiological effects of septic shock?

A

Vasodilation, maldistribution of blood flow & myocardial depression

52
Q

What is mean arterial pressure

A

The average pressure within the arteries felt by the organs of the body

53
Q

Increased lactate readings indicate what is occurring within the body

A

Reduced tissue perfusion and anaerobic metabolism within cells

NUR331 (1 decks)

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