NUR 240 Exam 2 Flashcards by Amber Westphal

What is a litigation

Process of bringing and trying a lawsuit (suing someone)

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What is the plaintiff

The person suing

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What is the defendant

The person being accused of a crime

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What is public law

Government is directly involved (wearing a seatbelt)

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What is private law

Civil law; regulates relationships between people (breaking a contract)

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What is criminal law

Concerns state and federal criminal statutes; defines criminal actions (Murder, theft, etc)

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What is constitutional law

Serve as guides to legislative bodies; right to bear arms, civil rights -federal- state (workers comp, car accidents)

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What is statutory law

Enacted by a legislative body; nurse practice acts (each state)

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What is administrative law

Empowered by executive officers; (president-fed level/governor/mayor-state/local levels…state board of nursing- law enforcement)

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What is common law

Judiciary system reconciles controversies (court-made law- malpractice laws- prevent one set of rules for one person and another set of rules for another person)

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In what ways is nursing regulated by law

Nurse practice acts
Credentialing - accreditation, licensure, certification

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What are some reasons why a nurse’s license may be suspended or revoked

drug or alcohol abuse
fraud
deceptive practice
## criminal acts

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What are some reasons why a nurse’s license may be suspended or revoked

drug or alcohol abuse
fraud
deceptive practice
criminal acts
previous disciplinary actions
negligence
physical or mental impairments including age

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What is considered a crime

Wrong against a person or the person’s property as well as the public
- Misdemeanor - punishable by fines or less than 1 year imprisonment
- felony - punishable by imprisonment for more than 1 year

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What is considered a tort

A wrong committed by a person against another person or that person’s property; tried in civil court
- intentional
- unintentional

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What are some examples of intentional torts

Assault and battery
Defamation of character
Invasion of privacy
False imprisonment
Fraud

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What are some examples of unintentional torts

negligence
malpractice

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what rights are given to the patients under HIPPA

To see and copy their health record
To update their health record
To request correction of any mistakes
To get a list of the disclosures a health care institution has made independent of disclosures made for the purposes of treatment, payment, and health care operations
To request a restriction on certain uses or disclosures
To choose how to receive health information

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What are the categories of malpractice claims

Failure to follow standards of care
Failure to use equipment in responsible manner
Failure to assess and monitor
Failure to communicate
Failure to document
Failure to act as a patient advocate

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What are the four elements of liability

duty
breach of duty
causation
damages

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What is included under OSHA regulations

use of electrical equipment
use of isolation techniques
use of radiation
use of chemicals
(ensures a safe working environment)

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Is the incident report considered part of the medical record

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What are the functions of the skin

protection
body temperature regulation
psychosocial (self esteem)
sensation
vitamin D production
immunologic
absorption
elimination

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What are the causes of skin alterations

Very thin or very obese
Fluid loss
Excessive moisture
Jaundice
Diseases (psoriasis, eczema, etc)

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What types of wounds exist

intentional or unintentional
open or closed
acute or chronic
partial thickness, full thickness, or complex

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What is a wound

Break/disruption in the normal integrity of the skin

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What are the principles of wound healing

intact skin
hand hygiene
systematic body response to trauma
adequate blood supply
no foreign material in the wound
extent of the damage
nutrition

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What are the phases of wound healing

hemostasis
inflammatory
proliferation
maturation

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What is hemostasis

occurs immediately after injury
blood vessels constrict; blood begins to clot
exudate (blood and plasma) is formed causing swelling and pain
increased perfusion leads to redness and warmth
platelets initiate other cells to progress the healing process

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What is the inflammatory phase

after hemostasis (lasts2-3 days)
WBC (leukocytes and macrophages) migrate to the wound
leukocytes first, macrophages about 24 hours after and remain for a while (ingest debris then release growth factors to attract fibroblasts to fill in the wound
generalized body response: general malaise

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What is the proliferation phase

lasts several weeks
fibroblasts build new tissue to fill wound space
capillaries grow across the wound
highly vascular, granular tissue forms the foundation of scar tissue development
A thin layer of epithelial cells form across the wound

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What is the maturation phase

Final stage of healing; begins about 3 weeks after the injury, possibly continuing for months or years
Collagen is remodeled
New collagen tissue is deposited
Scar becomes a flat, thin, white line

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What are some local factors affecting wound healing

pressure
deccication (dehydration)
maceration (overhydration)
trauma
edema
infection
excessive bleeding
necrosis
presence of biofilm (layer of microorganisms)

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What are some systemic factors affecting wound healing

Age (children and healthy adults heal faster)
circulation
nutrition
etiology (cause of the wound)
health status
immunosuppression
medication use
adherence to treatment plan

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What are some wound complications

infection
hemorrhage
dehiscence or evisceration
fistula formation
abcess formation

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What is a hemorrhage

hemostasis not reached
bleeding
always check post OP wounds and mark drainage on the dressing
if saturating the dressing and not getting better, notify the doctor and surgeon immediately

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What is a fistula

a tract from one epithelial cell to another usually due to an abcess
- name by origin and end organ (rectovaginal, endocutaneous)

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What is an abcess

A collection of infectious material
- usually leads to the formation of a fistula to get rid of the material

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What is dehiscence

Separation of wound layers

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What is evisceration

complete wound separation with internal organs protruding
- usually in the abdomen
- Caused by infection, increased internal pressure, coughing and sneezing (special pillows to hug when you cough or sneeze)

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Psychological effects on wound healing

pain
anxiety
fear
impact on ADLs
Change on body image

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Factors affecting pressure injury development

mobility
aging skin
chronic illnesses
malnutrition
incontinence
mental status
spinal cord and brain injuries
neuromuscular disorders
external pressure
friction or shearing

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Stages of pressure injuries

stage 1
stage 2
stage 3
stage 4
unstageable
deep tissue pressure injury

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What are the characteristics of a stage 1 pressure injury

intact skin; non-blanchable erythema (redness)

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What are the characteristics of a stage 2 pressure injury

partial thickness skin loss with exposed dermis; red, moist base

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What are the characteristics of a stage 3 pressure injury

full-thickness skin loss, no bone exposed

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What are the characteristics of a stage 4 pressure injury

full-thickness skin loss; bone exposed

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What are the characteristics of an unstageable pressure injury

full-thickness skin loss; obscured (cannot see the base of the wound)

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What are the characteristics of a deep tissue pressure injury

persistent nonblanchable deep red, maroon, or purple discoloration

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What are you looking at when measuring a pressure injury

size (length and width)
depth (from the deepest point)
presence of tunneling or fistulas (describe based on a clock)
percentage of red, white/yellow, and black tissue

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How do you clean a pressure injury wound

clean with each dressing change
use 0.9% normal saline solution to irrigate/clean
dry using gauze
report drainage or necrotic tissue

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What terms are used to assess wound drainage

serous (clear, watery)
sanguinous (bloody; dark is old blood bright is new blood)
serosanguinous (mixture of both)
purulent (yellow, green; infection, WBC, dead tissue debris)
scant, moderate, copious (amount)

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What characteristics of a wound would be indicate an infection

swollen
deep red color
hot when palpated
increased drainage
purulent drainage
foul odor
dehisscense

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What are some types of wound dressings

nonadherent
gauze dressings
transparent dressings

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What are the different types of drainage systems

open system (penrose)
closed system (Jackson-Pratt, hemovac)

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What is a Penrose drain

open drain system
comes from the surgical incision to the outside of the body to drain fluid in order to avoid edema
needs surgery to remove

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What is a Jackson-Pratt drain

closed drain system
uses negative pressure to remove drainage

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What is the Braden scale

determines the risk of developing a pressure injury

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What is CHA

Complimentary health approaches
- service animals
- guided imagery
- massage therapy
- supplements

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What is allopathic medicine

Traditional medical care

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What is holism

Connection and interactions between parts of the whole

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What is Ayurveda

To integrate and balance the body, mind, and spirit
- treatments that include herbs, metals, minerals, and other materials; diet and exercise; and lifestyle recommendations

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What is the process of micturation

urinating
detruser muscle contracts,
internal sphincter relaxes
urine enters the posterior urethra
perineum and external sphincter relax
muscle of abdominal wall contracts slightly
diaphragm lowers

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What are some factors affecting micturesis

developmental factors
food and fluid intake
psychological factors
activity and muscle tone
pathologic conditions
medications

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Diseases associated with renal problems

Congenital urinary tract abnormalities
Polycystic kidney disease
Urinary tract infection
Urinary calculi
Hypertension
Diabetes mellitus
Gout
Connective tissue disorders

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what medications can affect urination

Diuretics: prevent reabsorption of water and certain electrolytes in tubules
Cholinergics: stimulate contraction of detrusor muscle, producing urination
analgesics and traquilizers: suppress CNS, diminish effectiveness of neural reflex

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What medications affect urine color

Anticoagulants: red urine/hematuria- blood in urine
Diuretics: pale yellow urine
Pyridium: orange to orange-red urine
The antidepressant amitriptyline or B-complex vitamins: green or blue-green urine
Levodopa: brown or black urine

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What are some different urine specimens

Routine urinalysis
Clean-catch or midstream specimens
Sterile specimens from indwelling catheter
Urine specimen from a urinary diversion
24-hour urine specimens
Point-of-care urine testing

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Which patients are at risk of a UTI

Sexually active women
Women who use diaphragms for contraception
Postmenopausal women
Individuals with indwelling urinary catheter
Individuals with diabetes mellitus
Older adults

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What are some reasons to catheterize a patient

Relieving urinary retention
Prolonged patient immobilization
Obtaining a sterile urine specimen when patient is unable to void voluntarily
Accurate measurement of urinary output in critically ill patients
Assisting in healing open sacral or perineal wounds in incontinent patients
Emptying the bladder before, during, or after select surgical procedures and before certain diagnostic examinations.
Providing improved comfort for end-of-life care

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What are the different types of urinary incontinence

transient
overflow/chronic retention
functional
reflex
stress
mixed
total

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What is transient incontinence

appears suddenly and lasts 6 months or less

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What is overflow/chronic incontinence

overdistention and overflow of bladder

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What is functional incontinence

caused by factors outside the urinary tract

What is reflex incontinence

emptying of the bladder without sensation of need to void

What is stress incontinence

involuntary loss of urine related to an increase in intra-abdominal pressure

What is mixed incontinence

urine loss with features of two or more types of incontinence

What is total incontinence

continuous, unpredictable loss of urine

What is a suprapubic catheter

surgically implanted catheter through the abdominal wall
done because of spinal cord injury or prostate cancer
less chance of fecal contamination
doesn’t interfere with sexual activity

What is an ileal conduit

Part of the small bowel connected to the ureters so that urine can leave the body in the case that the bladder has been removed
urostomy
mucus is a normal finding

What are some variables that affect bowel elimination

Developmental considerations
Daily patterns
Food and fluid
Activity and muscle tone
Lifestyle
Psychological variables
Pathologic conditions
Medications
Diagnostic studies
Surgery and anesthesia

Which foods are constipating foods

cheese
lean meat
eggs
pasta

What are some foods with peristaltic effects

fruits
vegetables
bran
chocolate
alcohol
coffee

What are some gas producing foods

onions
cabbage
beans
cauliflower

Which medications effect stool

Aspirin, anticoagulants: pink to red to black stool
Iron salts: black stool
Bismuth subsalicylate used to treat diarrhea can also cause black stools.
Antacids: white discoloration or speckling in stool
Antibiotics: green-gray color

What are some types of endoscopy

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy
Colonoscopy
Sigmoidoscopy
Wireless capsule endoscopy

What are some indirect visualization techniques

Upper gastrointestinal (UGI)
Small bowel series
Barium enema
Abdominal ultrasound
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Abdominal CT scan

Which patients are at risk for constipation

Patients on bedrest taking constipating medicines
Patients with reduced fluids or bulk in their diet
Patients who are depressed
Patients with central nervous system disease or local lesions that cause pain while defecating

How do you prevent food poisoning

Never buy food with damaged packaging.
Take items requiring refrigeration home immediately.
Wash hands and surfaces often.
Use separate cutting boards for foods.
Thoroughly wash all fruits and vegetables before eating.
Do not wash meat, poultry, or eggs to prevent spreading microorganisms to sink and other kitchen surfaces.
Never use raw eggs in any form.
Do not eat seafood raw or if it has an unpleasant odor
Use a food thermometer to ensure cooking food to safe internal temperature.
Keep food hot after cooking; maintain safe temperature of 140°F or above.
Give only pasteurized fruit juices to small children

What are some methods of emptying the colon

Enemas
Rectal suppositories
Oral intestinal lavage
Digital removal of stool

What are the different types of bowel ostomies

Sigmoid colostomy
Descending colostomy
Transverse colostomy
Ascending colostomy
Ileostomy

What are the energy supplying nutrients

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins

Which nutrients regulate body processes

Vitamins
Minerals
Water

What is the basal metabolic rate

The energy required to sustain metabolic activities of cells and tissues

What is the primary source of heat in the body

Metabolism

What is the BMR in men vs. women

Men: 1 cal/kg/hr
Women: 0.9 cal/kg/hr

What are some factors that can raise BMR

Growth
infections
fever
emotional tension
extreme environmental temperatures
elevated levels of certain hormones

What are some factors that can lower BMR

Aging
prolonged fasting
sleep

How do you calculate BMI

Weight (kg)/ (Height (m) x Height (m))
[ weight divided by height squared] [kg per meter squared]

What are the BMI categories

Underweight < 18.5
Normal (ideal) weight 18.5- 24.9
Overweight 25- 29.9
Obesity 30+

Waist circumference:
men: > 40 inches
women: >35 inches

What are carbohydrates

Organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Sugars and starches

Most abundant and cheapest source of calories

What are proteins

Made of amino acids

Required for the formation of all body structures

Complete and incomplete based on amino acid composition

What is considered a complete or incomplete protein

Complete: animal proteins
Incomplete: plant proteins

What is the recommended protein intake for an adult

0.8 g/kg of body weight
10% to 35% of total calorie intake

What are fats

Composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Insoluble in water and blood

Saturated and unsaturated

What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats

Saturated: solid at room temp (most animal fats)
Unsaturated: liquid at room temp (most vegetable fats)

What types of food are consistent of trans fats

manufactured, partially hydrogenated oils
liquid at room temp
more stable = longer shelf life

Where are fats digested

Starts in mouth but mostly in the small intestine

What is the recommended saturated and trans fat intake for an adult

Saturated: <10% of calories/day
Trans: as little as possible (or none)/day

What are vitamins

Organic compounds needed by the body in small amounts
- Most are active in the form of coenzymes.
- Needed for metabolism of carbohydrates, protein, and fat
- Classified as water soluble or fat soluble
- Absorbed through the intestinal wall directly into
bloodstream

What are minerals

Organic elements found in all body fluids and tissues
- Some function to provide structure in the body,
- others help regulate body processes
- Contained in the ash that remains after digestion
- Macrominerals
- Microminerals

Which minerals are considered macrominerals

calcium
phosphorus (phosphates)
sulfur (sulfate)
sodium
chloride
potassium
magnesium

Which minerals are considered microminerals

iron
zinc
manganese
chromium
copper
molybdenum
selenium
fluoride
iodine

What percentage of the adult body weight consists of water

50-60%

2/3 of that water is inside cells

1/3 of that water is in extracellular fluid and plasma

What are some physiologic/physical factors affecting food habits

stage of development
state of health
medications

What are some sociocultural/psychosocial factors affecting food habits

Economics
culture
religion
tradition
education
politics
social status
food ideology

What are some age related considerations causing differences in nutritional needs

Growth (infancy, adolescence, pregnancy, and lactation increase nutritional needs)

Activity increases nutritional needs.

Age-related changes in metabolism and body composition

Nutritional needs level off in adulthood because of decrease in BMR.

What are some risk factors of poor nutritional status

Developmental factors
Gender
State of health
Alcohol abuse
Medications
Megadoses of nutrient supplements

What are some potential complications of TPN

Insertion problems
Infection and sepsis
Metabolic alterations
Fluid, electrolyte, and acid–base imbalances
Phlebitis
Hyperlipidemia
Liver and gallbladder disease

What are the nursing responsibilities when it comes to the nursing diagnosis

Recognize safety and infection transmission risks
Identify human responses
Anticipate possible complications
Initiate urgent interventions

What are the different types of diagnoses

Nursing diagnosis
medical diagnosis
collaborative problems

What is a nursing diagnosis

Patient problems that nurses can treat independently

What is a medical diagnosis

Problems for which the physician directs the primary treatment

What are collaborative problems

Managed by using physician-prescribed and nursing-prescribed interventions

What are the four steps of data interpretation and analysis

Recognizing significant data: Comparing data to standards
Recognizing patterns or clusters
Identifying strengths, problems, and potential
complications
Reaching conclusions

What are the four possible conclusions that can be reached after analyzing data

No problem
Possible problem
Actual or potential nursing diagnosis
Clinical problem other than nursing diagnosis

What does etiology mean

The cause of a disease or condition

What are the steps to forming the nursing diagnosis

identify the problem
etiology of the problem
defining characteristics of the problem

[problem] related to [etiology] as evidenced by [symptoms or characteristics]

Ex. [shortness of breath] r/t [smoking] AEB [use of accessory muscles and SPO2 of 88]

What are the three types of nursing diagnoses

problem-focused [problem etiology and evidence]
Risk [problem and etiology]
Health promotion

What are the goals of the outcome intervention/planning step of the nursing process

Establish priorities
Identify expected patient outcomes
Select evidence-based nursing interventions
Communicate the care plan

What are the three elements of comprehensive planning

Initial
Ongoing
Discharge

What does the initial planning step entail

Developed by the nurse who performs the nursing history
and physical assessment
Addresses each problem listed in the nursing diagnoses
Identifies appropriate patient goals and related nursing care

What does the ongoing planning step entail

Carried out by any nurse who interacts with patient
Keeps the plan up to date, manages risk factors, promotes
function
States nursing diagnoses more clearly
Develops new diagnoses
Makes outcomes more realistic and develops new outcomes
as needed
Identifies nursing interventions to accomplish patient goals

What does the discharge planning step entail

Carried out by the nurse who worked most closely with the
patient (usually a discharge planner)
Begins when the patient is admitted for treatment
Uses teaching and counseling skills effectively to ensure that
home care behaviors are performed competently

Nursing diagnosis priorities

High priority: greatest threat to patient well-being

Medium priority: nonthreatening diagnoses

Low priority: diagnoses not specifically related to current health problem

What are the steps in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

Physiologic needs
Safety needs
Love and belonging needs
Self-esteem needs
Self-actualization needs

What are the six aims of quality care established by the Institute of Medicine (IOM)

Safe: avoiding injury
Effective: avoiding overuse and underuse
Patient-centered: responding to patient preferences, needs,
and values
Timely: reducing waits and delays
Efficient: avoiding waste
Equitable: providing care that does not vary in quality to all
recipients

What are the three categories of outcomes

Cognitive (learning, education)
Psychomotor (new physical abilities)
Affective (self esteem)

What are the parts of a measurable outcome

Subject: The patient will…
Verb: walk, brush teeth…
Conditions: 20 ft., twice a day…
Performance criteria: SBA, without assistance…
Target time: short term or long term

Ex. The patient will walk 20ft SBA by the end of the week

What are the three types of nursing interventions

Nurse-initiated: actions performed by a nurse without a
physician’s order
Physician-initiated: actions initiated by a physician in
response to a medical diagnosis but carried out by a nurse
under doctor’s orders
Collaborative: treatments initiated by other providers and
carried out by a nurse

What is a procedure

A set of how-to action steps

What is standard of care

A description of the acceptable level of patient care

What is an algorithm

A set of steps used to make a decision

What is a clinical practice guideline

A statement outlining appropriate practice for clinical condition or procedure

What are some reasons for noncompliance

Lack of family support
Lack of understanding about the benefits
Low value attached to outcomes
Adverse physical or emotional effects of treatment
Inability to afford treatment
Limited access to treatment

What are the five rights of delegation

Right task
Right circumstances
Right person
Right directions and communication
Right supervision and evaluation

What are SMART goals

S: specific
M: measurable
A: achievable
R: realistic
T: timely

What are the five elements of evaluation

Identifying evaluative criteria and standards
Collecting data to determine if criteria and standards are
met
Interpreting and summarizing findings
Documenting judgment
Terminating, continuing, or modifying the plan

What is evaluative criteria

Measurable qualities, attributes, or characteristics that specify skills, knowledge, or health status

What are standards when talking about evaluation

Levels of performance accepted and expected by the nursing staff

What are some variables that affect outcome achievement

Patient: gives up and refuses
Nurse: suffering from burnout
Health care system: inadequate staffing

What are some examples of an evaluative statement

Decide how well a goal was met along with data to support the statement
- met
- partially met
- not met

What are the six Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) competencies

Patient-centered care
Teamwork and collaboration
Evidence-based practice
Quality improvement
Safety
Informatics

What are the different types of problem solving

Trial-and-error problem solving
Scientific problem solving
Intuitive problem solving
Critical thinking: intuitive, logical, or both

What are the five steps of the nursing process

ADPIE
1. Assessing
2. Diagnosing
3. Planning
4. Implementing
5. Evaluating

What does the diagnosis step of the nursing process entail

Analyzing patient data to identify patient strengths and problems

What does the planning step of the nursing process entail

Specifying patient outcomes and related nursing interventions

What does the implementation step of the nursing process entail

Carrying out the care plan

What does the evaluation step of the nursing process entail

Measuring extent to which patient achieved outcomes

What does the assessing step of the nursing process entail

Collecting, validating, and communicating patient data

What are the characteristics of the nursing process

Systematic: part of an ordered sequence of activities
Dynamic: great interaction and overlapping among the five
steps (ADPIE)
Interpersonal: human being is always at the heart of nursing
Outcome oriented: nurses and patients work together to
identify outcomes
Universally applicable: a framework for all nursing activities

What are the steps of concept mapping

Collect patient problems and concerns on a list.
Connect and analyze the relationships.
Create a diagram.
Keep in mind key concepts: the nursing process, holism,
safety, and advocacy

What is concept mapping

An instructional strategy that requires learners to identify, graphically display, and link key concepts.

What are the types of reflective practice

Reflective in action
Reflective on action
Reflective for action

What does “reflective in action” mean

Happens in the here and now of the activity and is also known as “thinking on your feet”

What does “reflective on action” mean

Occurs after the fact and involves thinking through a situation that has occurred in the past

What does “reflective for action” mean

Helps the person to think about how future actions might change as a result of the reflection

What are the two clinical judgement models that we need to know for this class

Tanner’s clinical judgement model
Nursing process

What is Tanner’s clinical judgement theory

Research-based model
- noticing: initial grasp and perceptions of the situation
- interpreting: attributing meaning to the data
- responding: deciding on an action & monitoring outcomes
- reflecting: in-action and on-action

What are the four Clinical Decision-Making Theories, Models, and Frameworks

Humanistic–Intuitive Approach
Information-Processing Model
Cognitive Continuum Theory
Rest Framework

What is the Humanistic-Intuitive approach

Believes that clinical judgment and decision-making models move from facts and rules to dynamic decision making with clinical experience

What is the Information-Processing Model

Informs decision making and mirrors the way we think of a computer processor

What is the Cognitive Continuum Theory

Integrates both intuitive and analytical cognitive characteristics

What is the rest framework

Includes four components of moral reasoning and captures the cognitive processes that precede moral action

What are the five types of nursing assessments

Initial comprehensive
Focused
Emergency
Time-lapsed
Assessment of communities and special populations

What does an initial comprehensive assessment entail

Performed shortly after admittance to hospital

Performed to establish a complete database for problem identification and care planning

Performed by the nurse to collect data on all aspects of patient’s health

What does a focused assessment entail

May be performed during initial assessment or as routine ongoing data collection

Performed to gather data about a specific problem already identified, or to identify new or overlooked problems

Performed by the nurse to collect data about the specific problem

What does an emergency assessment entail

Performed when a physiologic or psychological crisis presents

Performed to identify life-threatening problems

Performed by the nurse to gather data about a life-threatening problem

What does a time-lapsed assessment entail

Performed to compare a patient’s current status to baseline data obtained earlier

Performed to reassess health status and make necessary revisions in care plan

Performed by the nurse to collect data about current health status of patient

What is the difference between medical and medical assessments

Medical assessments target data pointing to pathologic conditions

Nursing assessments focus on the patient’s response to health problems

What is objective data

Observable and measurable data that can be seen, heard, or felt by someone other than the person experiencing them

What is subjective data

Information perceived only by the affected person

What are some sources of data

Patient
Family and significant others
Patient record
Medical history, physical examination, progress notes
Consultations
Reports of laboratory and other diagnostic studies
Reports of therapies by other health care professionals
Nursing and other health care literature

What are the four phases of the nursing interview

Preparatory phase: get report, look at EMR
Introduction: purpose of interview, their opinion, why they sought care
Working phase: ask questions, gather data
Termination: conclude the interview, update chart

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NUR 240 Exam 2 Flashcards

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