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NUR > NUR 112 Final > Flashcards

NUR 112 Final Flashcards

1
Q

Risk Factors for GAD

A
  • genetic
  • social influence
  • brain chemistry
  • lifestyle
  • family background
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2
Q

DSM-5 GAD

A

More days than not over 6 months. Children only 1 S/S.
- restlessness
- impaired concentration
- irritability
- muscle aches
- insomnia

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3
Q

GAD S/S

A
  • tachycardia
  • SOB
  • upset stomach
  • frequent urination
  • tremors
  • muscle aches
  • headache
  • fatigue
  • insomnia
  • restlessness
  • impaired concentration
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4
Q

3 primary types of phobias

A
  • specific
  • agoraphobia
  • social anxiety
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5
Q

SSRIs common drugs

A
  • fluoxetine (Prozac)
  • paroxetine (Paxil)
  • sertraline (Zoloft)
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6
Q

SSRIs Side Effects

A
  • weight gain
  • headache
  • mild anticholinergic effects
  • sexual dysfunction
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7
Q

Benzos common drugs

A
  • diazepam (Valium)
  • alprazolam (Xanax)
  • lorazepam (Ativan)
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8
Q

Benzos Education

A
  • addictive
  • not for long term Rx
  • few side effects when taken short term
  • takes only hours to reach effect
  • may have withdrawal if stopped suddenly
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9
Q

Buspirone (Buspar)

A
  • no risk of dependence
  • takes > 2 weeks for effects
  • S/E headache, nausea, dizziness
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10
Q

When are you contagious for Flu?

A

1 day before symptoms, 5-7 days after becoming ill

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11
Q

Flu S/S

A
  • Coryza (inflammation of mucous membranes in the nose)
  • nasal congestion and loss sense of smell
  • Cough
  • Fever and/or Chills
  • Shortness of Breath or Dyspnea
  • Fatigue or Malaise
  • Muscle pain or Body aches
  • Vomiting and Diarrhea
  • Headache
  • Sore throat
  • decrease appetite
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12
Q

Medical Risk Factors for Flu

A
  • immunocompromised
  • pregnancy
  • chronic diseases
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13
Q

RIDT timeframe

A

Flu, within 3 days of symptoms, results in 15min not always accurate

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14
Q

Rapid Molecular Assay timeframe

A

Flu, takes longer to get results

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15
Q

WBC in Viruses

A

Leukopenia, low WBC

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16
Q

WBC in Bacterial infections

A

elevated neutrophils, elevated total WBC

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17
Q

complications from Flu

A
  • inflammation
  • infection
  • exacerbations
  • CNS problems
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18
Q

Flu Focused Assessment

A
  • respiratory
  • pain
  • I&O
  • F&E
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19
Q

Flu Interventions

A
  • increase fluids
  • honey
  • humidified air
  • splinting abdomen
  • rest
  • elevate HOB
  • incentive spirometer
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20
Q

Flu Antivirals

A
  • take within 24-48 hours of symptoms
  • S/E: N/V/D, hallucinations
  • TAMIFLU
  • XOFLUZA
  • RELENZA
  • RAPIVAB
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21
Q

oseltamivirphosphate(Tamiflu) administration

A
  • take within 24-48 hours of symptoms
  • can be taken as preventative
  • 5 days
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22
Q

Community Acquired Pneumonia

A

within 48hrs of admission of hospital

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23
Q

bacterial PNA

A
  • most common
  • ## residential bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
24
Q

Fungal PNA

A
  • Pneumocystis jiroveci HIV/AIDS
  • opportunistic infection
  • infectious
  • treat with antibiotic TMP/SMX: trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, Septra)
  • poor prognosis
25
Q

Aspiration PNA

A
  • caused by intense suctioning
  • medical conditions that impair swallowing
  • noncompliant NPO
  • poor prognosis
26
Q

VAP (ventilator PNA) interventions and prevention

A
  • HOB 30-45
  • assess ability to breathe on own to remove vent
  • hand hygiene
  • mouth care
  • clean equipment
27
Q

Walking pneumonia

A
  • Mycoplasma pneumonia
  • Chlamydophilia pneumoniae
  • Legionella pneumonia
28
Q

Asthma triggers

A
  • Exposure to aspirin, NSAIDs
  • Exercise
  • Exposure to hot or cold air
  • Viral infection
  • Stress
29
Q

Asthma risk factors

A
  • Genetic factors
  • infections early in life
  • Air pollution
  • Allergies
  • Obesity
  • Maternal smoking
  • Premature birth
30
Q

Asthma drugs for daily, long-term control

A
  • Anti-inflammatory agents
  • Long-acting bronchodilators
  • Leukotriene modifiers
  • Quick relief medications
  • Short-acting adrenergic stimulants
  • Anticholinergic drugs
  • Methylxanthines
31
Q

Bronchodilators

A
  • Adrenergic stimulants
  • Methylxanthines
  • Anticholinergic agents
32
Q

Corticosteroids and NSAIDs

A
  • Aspirin and other NSAIDs can induce bronchospasm
  • suppress airway inflammation
33
Q

Leukotriene modifiers

A
  • anti-inflammatory
  • Montelukast
  • Zafirlukast
  • Zileuton
  • Affect metabolism, excretion of other medications (Warfarin, Theophylline)
  • May cause liver toxicity
34
Q

Serum Antitrypsin Levels

A

COPD and Liver function

35
Q

VQ Scan

A
  • determines the extent of which lung tissue is being:
  • Ventilated (V)- flow of air into and out of aveoli and
  • Perfused (Q) flow of blood to the aveoli.
    -Decreased ventilation with normal perfusion in the lungs may indicate COPD
36
Q

COPD O2 sat range

A

88-92%

37
Q

Sodium Patho

A
  • increase in aldosterone increase in Na retention
  • maintains BP
  • changes are neuro in nature
  • extracellular
38
Q

Hypernatremia S/S

A
  • cells are dehydrated
    ///
    Skin - red and rosy
  • flushed
  • edema
  • low grade fever
  • elevated BP
    ///
    GI - thirsty
  • excessive thirst
  • dry, sticky membranes
  • swollen dry tongue
    ///
    Neuro
  • restlessness, irritability, confusion
39
Q

Hypernatremia INT

A
  • fluid replacement
  • diuretics
  • reduce sodium slowly
40
Q

Hyponatremia S/S

A
  • FVE
  • cerebral edema
    ///
    Neuro
  • seizures and coma
  • resp arrest
    ///
    Heart
  • tachycardia
  • weak and thready pulses
  • edema
    ///
    Muscular
  • muscle cramps
  • weakness, fatigue, lethargy
41
Q

Hypernatremia INT

A
  • sodium fluids
  • sodium diet increase
  • safety
42
Q

Potassium Patho

A
  • intracellular
  • needed for heart and muscle contraction
43
Q

Hyperkalemia S/S

A
  • K is high, pH is low (acidic)
    ///
    Heart - tight and contracted
  • tall, peaked T waves and widened QRS
  • dysrhythmias
  • cardiac arrest
  • hypotension, bradycardia
    ///
    GI - tight and contracted
  • N/V/D
  • abdominal cramping
    ///
    Neuromuscular - tight and contracted
  • paresthesias
  • increased DTR
  • muscle weakness
44
Q

Hyperkalemia INT

A
  • calcium gluconate
  • insulin and glucose
  • sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate)
45
Q

Hypokalemia S/S

A

Heart - low and slow
- dysrhythmias
- flat or inverted T waves
///
Muscular - low and slow
- decreased DTR
- flaccid paralysis
- muscle weakness
///
GI - low and slow
- anorexia
- decreased bowel sounds, ileus
- increased risk for digoxin toxicity
- suppressed insulin secretion

46
Q

Chloride Patho

A
  • extracellular
  • goes with sodium
47
Q

Hyperchloremia S/S

A
  • Kussmaul respirations
  • weakness
  • increased thirst
  • fluid retention
  • increased BP, HR, RR
48
Q

Hyperchloremia INT

A
  • diuretics
  • increased IV fluids
  • treatment of underlying cause
  • dialysis
49
Q

Hypochloremia S/S

A
  • paresthesias of face and extremities
  • muscle spasm
  • tetany
  • abdominal distention
50
Q

B. Hypercalcemia S/S

A
  • faster clotting times
  • friends with Magnesium
    ///
    Heart - swollen and slow
  • cardiac dysrhythmias
    ///
    GI - swollen and slow
  • anorexia
  • N/V
  • constipation
  • renal calculi
    ///
    Muscles - swollen and slow
  • lethargy
  • muscle weakness
  • bone pain
  • decreased DTR
    ///
    Neuro - swollen and slow
  • fatigue, weakness
  • headache
  • impaired cognition
51
Q

Hypercalcemia INT

A
  • partial parathyroidectomy
  • discontinuation of thiazide diuretics and vitamin and mineral supplements
  • low-calcium diet
52
Q

Hypocalcemia S/S

A

Friends with Magnesium
///
GI - gone wild
- hyperactive bowels
- diarrhea
///
Muscles - gone wild
- tingling to cramps
- tetany
- numbness
- possible seizures
- muscle twitches, spasms
- hyperactive DTR
- Chvostek’s and Trosseau’s
///
Risks
- risk for fractures, weak bones
- risk for bleeding
- risk for cardiac dysthymias

53
Q

Hypermagnesemia S/S

A

Friends with calcium
///
Heart - calm and quiet
- heart block
- prolonged PR intervals
- bradycardia and hypotension
///
Neuromuscular - calm and quiet
- resp depression
- depressed shallow respirations
- decreased DTR
- flaccid muscle tone
///
GI - calm and quiet
- hypoactive bowels

54
Q

Hypermagnesemia INT

A
  • calcium gluconate
  • hemodialysis at very high levels
55
Q

Hypomagnesemia

A

Friends with calcium
///
Heart - buck wild
- torsades de pointes
- vfib
- tachycardia
///
Muscular - buck wilds
- muscle cramps
- tremors
- paresthesias
- tetany
- increased DTR
- Chvostek’s and Trosseau’s

56
Q

Hyperphosphatemia

A
  • opposite of Calcium
    ///
    Muscles - gone wild
  • paresthesias
  • tetany
  • increased DTR
  • Chvostek’s and Trosseau’s
    ///
    GI - gone wild
  • diarrhea
    ///
    Risks (just like high low calcium)
  • risk for fractures
  • risk for bleeding
  • risk for dysthymias
57
Q

Hyperphosphatemia

A
  • opposite of calcium
    ///
    swollen and slow
  • constipation
  • decreased DTR
  • decreased HR, RR
  • increased BP
  • kidney stones

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